Imfungwa John Marion Grant yahungabanye kandi aruka igihe yaraswaga. Urukiko kandi rwasobanuye inzira yo kuzongera kwicwa ukwezi gutaha.
WASHINGTON - Ku wa kane, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwakuyeho icyemezo cy’urukiko rw’ubujurire rw’agateganyo cyo guhagarika iyicwa ry’imfungwa ebyiri z’urupfu muri Oklahoma, biha inzira abo bantu kwicwa batewe inshinge zica.
Umwe muri bo, John Marion Grant, yahamwe n'icyaha cyo kwica umukozi wa cafeteria muri gereza mu 1998, yicwa nyuma y'amasaha make nyuma y'icyemezo cy'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ku wa kane.
Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by'Abanyamerika bibitangaza ngo kimwe n'abandi biciwe muri Leta, iki gihe - icya mbere mu myaka itandatu - ntabwo kigenda neza. Bwana Grant yari aboshye kuri gurney, arahungabana kandi aruka igihe yafataga imiti ya mbere (sedative). Nyuma yiminota mike, abagize itsinda ryarashe bahanaguye ibirutsi mumaso no mwijosi.
Ishami rishinzwe ubugororangingo rya Oklahoma ryatangaje ko iyicwa ryakozwe hakurikijwe amasezerano, “nta kibazo.”
Bwana Grant n'indi mfungwa, Julius Jones, bavuze ko gahunda ya leta yica inshinge ikoresheje imiti itatu ishobora kubatera ububabare bukabije.
Banze kandi icyifuzo cyatanzwe n'umucamanza w’iremezo ku mpamvu z’amadini bavuga ko bagomba guhitamo mu bundi buryo bwateganijwe bwo kubahiriza amategeko, bavuga ko kubikora byaba ari nko kwiyahura.
Ukurikije imyitozo y’urukiko, icyemezo cyayo kigufi nta mpamvu yatanze. Abandi batatu bagize ubwisanzure mu rukiko - Stephen G. Breyer, umucamanza Sonia Sotomayor, n’umucamanza Elena Kagan - ntibabyemeye kandi ntibatanga impamvu. Umucamanza Neil M. Gorsuch ntabwo yagize uruhare muri uru rubanza, birashoboka ko kubera ko yatekereje ku ngingo imwe yarwo igihe yari umucamanza w'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire.
Bwana Jones yahamwe n'icyaha cyo kwica umugabo imbere ya mushiki n'umukobwa w'uyu mugabo ubwo yari atwaye imodoka mu 1999 akazicwa ku ya 18 Ugushyingo.
Urukiko rw'Ikirenga kuva kera rwashidikanyaga ku kibazo cya gahunda yo gutera inshinge zica kandi rusaba imfungwa kwerekana ko zizagira “ibyago byinshi byo kubabara cyane.” Imfungwa zamagana ayo masezerano zigomba no gusaba ubundi buryo.
Mu ncamake ku byemezo byafashwe mbere mu mwaka wa 2019, Umucamanza Gorsuch yaranditse ati: “Abagororwa bagomba kwerekana ubundi buryo bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ubundi buryo bwo kwicwa buzagabanya cyane ibyago byinshi by’ububabare bukabije, kandi ko Leta idafite ishingiro ry’ibihano. Wange gukoresha ubu buryo mu bihe. ”
Abagororwa babiri basabye ubundi buryo bune, ariko banga guhitamo muri bo bitewe n'idini. Uku kunanirwa kwatumye umucamanza Stephen P. Friot wo mu rukiko rw’intara rwa Oklahoma abavana mu rubanza rwatanzwe n’imfungwa nyinshi zamaganye ayo masezerano.
Itsinda ry’abacamanza batatu mu rukiko rw’ubujurire rwo muri Amerika rw’akarere ka 10 rwemeje ko Bwana Grant na Bwana Jones bahagarika igihano cy’urupfu, bavuga ko badakeneye “kugenzura agasanduku” kugira ngo bahitemo uburyo bwabo bwo gupfa. .
Ati: "Ntabwo twabonye ibisabwa byihariye mu itegeko ry’imanza bireba ko imfungwa igaragaza uburyo bwo kwicwa bwakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwe ntukandike agasanduku ', igihe imfungwa yemeje mu kirego cye ko amahitamo yatanzwe ahwanye n'ay'ayandi. yatanzwe. Ubundi buryo ni ugushiraho, "abantu benshi banditse muburyo budashyizweho umukono.
Igihembwe gishimishije cyatangiye. Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, ubu rwiganjemo abacamanza batandatu bashyizweho na Repubulika, rwasubiye ku bacamanza ku ya 4 Ukwakira maze rutangira manda y'ingenzi igihe ruzasuzuma gukuraho uburenganzira bw'itegeko nshinga bwo gukuramo inda no kwagura uburenganzira bw'imbunda.
Urubanza runini rwo gukuramo inda. Urukiko rwiteguye guhangana n’itegeko rya Mississippi ribuza gukuramo inda nyuma y’ibyumweru 15, hagamijwe gutesha agaciro ndetse bikaba byanashoboka ko urubanza rwa Roe na Wade rwo mu 1973 rwashyizeho uburenganzira bw’itegeko nshinga bwo gukuramo inda. Iki cyemezo gishobora guhagarika neza amahirwe yo gukuramo inda byemewe n'amategeko kubantu batuye mu bice byinshi byo mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba.
Ibyemezo bikomeye byerekeye imbunda. Urukiko ruzasuzuma kandi itegeko nshinga ry'amategeko ya New York amaze igihe kinini abuza gutwara imbunda hanze y'urugo. Mu myaka irenga icumi, urukiko ntirwatanze icyemezo gikomeye cya kabiri cy'ivugurura.
Ikizamini cy'umucamanza mukuru Roberts. Iyi dosiye ikaze cyane izagerageza ubuyobozi bw'umucamanza mukuru John G. Roberts Jr., watakaje umwanya we nk'ikigo cy'ingengabitekerezo y'urukiko nyuma yo kuza k'umucamanza Amy Connie Barrett mu mpeshyi ishize.
Igipimo cy’inkunga rusange cyaragabanutse. Umucamanza mukuru Roberts ubu ayoboye urukiko rugenda rwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku baturage bwerekana ko nyuma y’imyanzuro idasanzwe y’ijoro rya nijoro ku birego bya politiki, umubare w’urukiko w’inkunga wagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara.
Muri iyo nzitizi, Umucamanza Timothy M. Tymkovich yanditse ko imfungwa zigomba gukora ibirenze gutanga "amazina asabwa, ateganijwe cyangwa adasobanutse." Yanditse ko imfungwa igomba “gushyiraho ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa mu rubanza rwe.”
Umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Oklahoma, John M. O'Connor, yavuze ko icyemezo cy'urukiko rw'ubujurire ari “ikosa rikomeye.” Yatanze icyifuzo cyihutirwa asaba Urukiko rw'Ikirenga gukuraho iryo hagarikwa.
Mu kwanga icyifuzo, umunyamategeko w’imfungwa yanditse ko umucamanza Freet yashyizeho itandukaniro ridakwiye hagati y’imfungwa zashakaga guhitamo ubundi buryo bwo kwicwa n’imfungwa zidashaka guhitamo.
Muri 2014, Clayton D. Lockett yasaga nkuniha kandi arwana mugihe cyo kwicwa iminota 43. Muganga yanzuye avuga ko Bwana Lockett atacecetse rwose.
Muri 2015, Charles F. Warner yiciwe iminota 18, aho abayobozi bibeshye bakoresheje imiti itari yo kugira ngo bahagarike umutima. Nyuma y'uwo mwaka, nyuma yo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge byica muri Oklahoma yohereje abayobozi ba gereza ibiyobyabwenge bitari byo, yajuririye Urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu Rukiko rw'Ikirenga, Richard E. Ge, ku itegeko nshinga ry’amasezerano y’urupfu rwa Oklahoma. Richard E. Glossip yahawe uburenganzira bwo guhagarika irangizwa.
Ukwezi gutaha, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga ruzumva impaka zerekeye imfungwa ya Texas isaba ko pasiteri we ashobora kuvugana nawe ku rupfu kandi agasengera hamwe na we.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-31-2021