Gukoresha ibirahuri bito byizeza kuzuza imirimo itandukanye mubikorwa byubwubatsi. Usibye inyungu zidukikije zo gukoresha neza umutungo, abubatsi barashobora gukoresha ibirahuri bito kugirango bagere ku ntera nshya yubwisanzure. Ukurikije igitekerezo cya sandwich, ikirahuri cyoroshye kirashobora guhuzwa hamwe na 3D icapuwe ifunguye-selile ya polymer kugirango ikore cyane kandi yoroheje
ibice bigize ibintu. Iyi ngingo irerekana uburyo bwo gukora ubushakashatsi muburyo bwo gukora digitale yibikoresho byoroheje byifashishwa na robo yinganda. Irasobanura igitekerezo cyo kubara ibikorwa byuruganda-ruganda rwakazi, harimo igishushanyo gifashwa na mudasobwa (CAD), ubwubatsi (CAE), ninganda (CAM). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo bwo gushushanya butuma habaho guhuza ibikoresho byo gusesengura ibikoresho.
Mubyongeyeho, iyi nzira yerekana ubushobozi nimbogamizi zo gukora digitale ikora ibirahuri bito. Zimwe mu ntambwe zo gukora zakozwe nimbaraga za robo yinganda, nkibikorwa binini byongeweho byongeweho, gutunganya hejuru, gufunga no guteranya, byasobanuwe hano. Hanyuma, kunshuro yambere, gusobanukirwa byimbitse kumiterere yibikoresho bya panne compte yabonetse binyuze mubushakashatsi bwikigereranyo numubare hamwe no gusuzuma imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho biri munsi yububiko. Igitekerezo rusange cyibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nigikorwa cyo guhimba, hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwakozwe, bitanga urufatiro rwo kurushaho guhuza uburyo bwo gusobanura imiterere nuburyo bwo gusesengura, ndetse no gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwubushakashatsi mubyigisho bizaza.
Uburyo bwo gukora bwa digitale budufasha kuzamura umusaruro duhindura uburyo gakondo no gutanga uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya [1]. Uburyo bwa gakondo bwubaka bukunda gukoresha ibikoresho mubijyanye nigiciro, geometrie shingiro, numutekano. Mu kwimura ubwubatsi mu nganda, ukoresheje modulari yambere na robotike kugirango ushyire mubikorwa uburyo bushya bwo gushushanya, ibikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa neza bitabangamiye umutekano. Gukora ibikoresho bya digitale bidufasha kwagura ibitekerezo byacu kugirango dukore imiterere itandukanye, ikora neza kandi irarikira. Mugihe igishushanyo mbonera no kubara byakozwe muburyo bwa digitifike, gukora no guteranya biracyakorwa ahanini n'intoki muburyo gakondo. Kugirango uhangane nuburyo bugoye bwuburyo bwubusa, inzira yo gukora digitale igenda iba ingenzi. Icyifuzo cyubwisanzure no gushushanya ibintu byoroshye, cyane cyane kubijyanye na fasade, bigenda byiyongera. Usibye ingaruka zigaragara, faside yubusa nayo igufasha gukora ibintu byiza, urugero, binyuze mugukoresha ingaruka za membrane [2]. Mubyongeyeho, ubushobozi bukomeye bwibikorwa bya digitale biri mubikorwa byabo hamwe nibishoboka byo gukora neza.
Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya digitale rishobora gukoreshwa mugushushanya no gukora udushya twinshi twa façade igizwe nibintu byongewemo na polymer yibikoresho byongeweho kandi bifatanye nibirahuri bito byimbere. Usibye uburyo bushya bwububiko bushoboka bujyanye no gukoresha ibirahuri bito, ibidukikije nubukungu byanabaye intego nyamukuru yo gukoresha ibikoresho bike mukubaka ibahasha yinyubako. Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubukene bw’umutungo n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu mu gihe kiri imbere, ikirahure kigomba gukoreshwa neza. Gukoresha ibirahuri bito bitarenze mm 2 z'ubugari bivuye mu nganda za elegitoroniki bituma urumuri rwa façade rugabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho fatizo.
Bitewe nubworoherane bwikirahure cyoroshye, byugurura uburyo bushya kubikorwa byubwubatsi kandi icyarimwe bigatera ibibazo bishya byubuhanga [3,4,5,6]. Mugihe ishyirwa mubikorwa ryimishinga ya façade ukoresheje ibirahuri bito ari bike, ikirahure cyoroheje kigenda gikoreshwa mubikorwa byubwubatsi nubwubatsi. Bitewe nubushobozi buhanitse bwikirahure cyoroshye kugirango ihindurwe neza, ikoreshwa mubice bisaba ibisubizo byubaka byubaka [7]. Usibye gukoresha ingaruka za membrane bitewe na geometrike yagoramye [8], umwanya wa inertia urashobora kandi kwiyongera nuburyo bugizwe nabantu benshi bagizwe na polymer yibanze hamwe nurupapuro ruto rworoshye. Ubu buryo bwerekanye amasezerano bitewe no gukoresha ingirabuzimafatizo ya polyakarubone ikabije, idafite ubucucike kurusha ikirahure. Usibye ibikorwa byiza bya mehaniki, hiyongereyeho ibipimo byumutekano [9].
Uburyo mubushakashatsi bukurikira bushingiye kumyumvire imwe, ariko ukoresheje inyongeramusaruro yahimbwe ifunguye-pore yoroheje. Ibi byemeza urwego rwo hejuru rwubwisanzure bwa geometrike hamwe nuburyo bushoboka bwo gushushanya, ndetse no guhuza ibikorwa bifatika byinyubako [10]. Ibibaho nkibi byagaragaye ko bifite akamaro kanini mugupima imashini [11] kandi isezeranya kugabanya ingano yikirahuri ikoreshwa kugeza kuri 80%. Ibi ntibizagabanya gusa ibikoresho bisabwa, ahubwo bizanagabanya cyane uburemere bwibibaho, bityo byongere imikorere yimikorere. Ariko uburyo bushya bwo kubaka busaba uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Inzego nziza zisaba inzira nziza yo gukora. Igishushanyo mbonera kigira uruhare mubikorwa byo gukora. Iyi ngingo irakomeza ubushakashatsi bwumwanditsi yabanje kwerekana ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muburyo bwo gukora digitale yububiko bwibirahure buke bwibikoresho bya robo yinganda. Icyibandwaho ni ugushushanya dosiye-ku-ruganda rwakazi rwa mbere nini-nini ya prototypes kugirango yongere automatike yuburyo bwo gukora.
Ikibaho kigizwe (Igishusho 1) kigizwe nibirahuri bibiri byikirahure byiziritse kuri AM polymer. Ibice byombi bifitanye isano na kole. Intego yiki gishushanyo nugukwirakwiza umutwaro hejuru yicyiciro cyose uko bishoboka. Ibihe byo kunama bitera guhangayika bisanzwe mugikonoshwa. Imbaraga zinyuranye zitera impagarara zingingo zifatika hamwe.
Igice cyo hanze cyimiterere ya sandwich gikozwe mubirahure bito. Ihame, ikirahuri cya soda-lime kizakoreshwa. Hamwe nubunini bwintego <2 mm, uburyo bwo gushyushya ubushyuhe bugera kumipaka yubuhanga. Ikirahuri cya aluminiyosilike ikomezwa muburyo bwa chimique irashobora gufatwa nkigikwiye cyane niba hakenewe imbaraga nyinshi bitewe nigishushanyo (urugero: imbeho ikonje) cyangwa gukoresha [12]. Imikorere yo gukwirakwiza urumuri no kurengera ibidukikije izuzuzwa nuburyo bwiza bwubukanishi nko kurwanya neza gushushanya hamwe na modulus ya Young ugereranije cyane nibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mubihimbano. Bitewe nubunini buke buboneka kubirahuri byoroheje bya chimique, panne yubushyuhe bwuzuye bwa mm 3 ya soda-lime ikirahure yakoreshejwe mugukora prototype yambere nini.
Imiterere yo gushyigikira ifatwa nkigice cyashizweho cyumwanya uhuriweho. Ibiranga hafi ya byose bigira ingaruka kuri yo. Turashimira uburyo bwo kongera inyongeramusaruro, nabwo ni ihuriro ryibikorwa bya digitale. Thermoplastique itunganywa no guhuza. Ibi bituma bishoboka gukoresha umubare munini wa polymers zitandukanye kubikorwa byihariye. Topologiya yibintu byingenzi irashobora gushushanywa hibandwa cyane kubikorwa byabo. Kubwiyi ntego, igishushanyo mbonera gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine bikurikira: igishushanyo mbonera, igishushanyo mbonera, igishushanyo mbonera, nigishushanyo mbonera. Buri cyiciro gishobora kugira intego zitandukanye, zishobora kuganisha kuri topologiya zitandukanye.
Mu bushakashatsi bwibanze, bimwe mu bishushanyo nyamukuru byageragejwe kugira ngo bihuze neza n’ibishushanyo byabo. Uhereye ku buryo bwa mehaniki, ibihe bitatu byibuze byibuze hejuru ya giroscope ni byiza cyane. Ibi bitanga imbaraga zo gukanika kumatiku ugereranije nibintu bike. Usibye ingirabuzimafatizo zifatizo zororoka mu turere twubuso, topologiya irashobora kandi kubyara ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha imiterere. Imyitwarire ya Stress ni bumwe mu buryo bushoboka bwo kunoza ubukana ku buremere buke bushoboka [13]. Nyamara, imiterere yubuki, ikoreshwa cyane mubwubatsi bwa sandwich, yakoreshejwe nkintangiriro yo guteza imbere umurongo. Ubu buryo bwibanze buganisha ku iterambere ryihuse mu musaruro, cyane cyane binyuze mu buryo bworoshye bwo gutangiza porogaramu. Imyitwarire yacyo mubice byinshi byizwe cyane [14, 15, 16] kandi isura irashobora guhinduka muburyo bwinshi binyuze muri parameterisation kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa mubitekerezo byambere byo gutezimbere.
Hano hari polymers nyinshi za termoplastique ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo polymer, bitewe nuburyo bwo gukuramo bwakoreshejwe. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibikoresho bito byagabanije umubare wa polymers ufatwa nkuwakoreshwa mubice [11]. Polyakarubone (PC) iratanga ikizere kubera ubushyuhe bwayo, kurwanya UV no gukomera. Bitewe n’ishoramari ryiyongereye rya tekiniki n’imari risabwa mu gutunganya polyakarubone, Ethylene glycol yahinduwe polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) yakoreshejwe mu gukora prototypes ya mbere. Biroroshye cyane gutunganya ubushyuhe buke ugereranije nibibazo bike byo guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe hamwe no guhindura ibintu. Porotype yerekanwe hano ikozwe muri PETG yongeye gukoreshwa yitwa PIPG. Ibikoresho byumye mbere ya 60 ° C byibura 4 h hanyuma bitunganyirizwa muri granules bifite fibre yibirahuri bingana na 20% [17].
Ibifatika bitanga isano ikomeye hagati yimiterere ya polymer nu gipfundikizo cyikirahure cyoroshye. Iyo panele ikomatanyije ikorerwa imitwaro igoramye, ingingo zifatika ziterwa no guhagarika umutima. Kubwibyo, gukomera gukomeye birahitamo kandi birashobora kugabanya gutandukana. Ibikoresho bifata neza nabyo bifasha gutanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru iyo bihujwe nikirahure. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi muguhitamo ibifatika ni ugukora no kwinjiza mubikorwa byikora. Hano UV ikiza ibifata hamwe nibihe byoroshye byo gukiza birashobora koroshya cyane imyanya yibifuniko. Hashingiwe ku bizamini bibanza, uruhererekane rw'ibiti byageragejwe kugira ngo bikwiranye n'ibirahuri bito bito [18]. Loctite® AA 3345 ™ UV ikiza acrylate [19] byagaragaye ko ibereye inzira ikurikira.
Kugirango ukoreshe ibishoboka byo gukora inyongeramusaruro no guhinduka kwikirahure cyoroshye, inzira yose yagenewe gukora muburyo bwa digitale. Grasshopper ikoreshwa nkibishushanyo mbonera byerekana porogaramu, birinda intera hagati ya gahunda zitandukanye. Amashami yose (injeniyeri, ubwubatsi ninganda) azashyigikira kandi yuzuzanya muri dosiye imwe hamwe nibitekerezo biturutse kubakoresha. Kuri iki cyiciro cyubushakashatsi, ibikorwa byakazi biracyatezwa imbere kandi bigakurikiza icyitegererezo cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2. Intego zitandukanye zirashobora guhurizwa mubyiciro mubyiciro.
Nubwo umusaruro wibikoresho bya sandwich muriyi mpapuro byahinduwe hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’abakoresha no gutegura ibihimbano, guhuza no kwemeza ibikoresho byubwubatsi ntabwo byigeze bigaragara neza. Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya geometrie ya faside, birashoboka gushushanya igishishwa cyinyuma cyinyubako kurwego rwa macro (facade) na meso (paneli yimbere). Muntambwe ya kabiri, ibitekerezo byubushakashatsi bigamije gusuzuma umutekano nuburyo bukwiye kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhimba urukuta. Hanyuma, ibisubizo bivamo biteguye kubyara umusaruro. Porogaramu itunganya ibyingenzi byateye imbere mumashini isomwa na G-code kandi ikayitegura gukora inyongeramusaruro, gukuramo nyuma yo gutunganya no guhuza ibirahure.
Igishushanyo mbonera gisuzumwa mu nzego ebyiri zitandukanye. Usibye kuba imiterere ya macro yibice bigira ingaruka kuri geometrike ya buri kibaho, topologiya yibyingenzi ubwayo irashobora no gushushanywa kurwego rwa meso. Iyo ukoresheje icyitegererezo cya façade, imiterere nigaragara birashobora guterwa nurugero façade ibice ukoresheje amashusho yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3. Gutyo, ubuso bwuzuye bugizwe nubukoresha busobanurwa nubuso bunini bushobora guhindurwa hifashishijwe ibintu bikurura ingingo kandi bigahinduka na Kugaragaza byibuze na degre ntarengwa yo guhindura ibintu. Ibi bitanga urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhinduka mugushushanya amabahasha yo kubaka. Nyamara, uru rwego rwubwisanzure rugarukira ku mbogamizi za tekiniki n’inganda, hanyuma zigakinishwa na algorithm mu gice cyubwubatsi.
Usibye uburebure n'ubugari bwa façade yose, kugabana ibice bya façade byagenwe. Kubijyanye na paneli ya façade kugiti cye, birashobora gusobanurwa neza kurwego rwa meso. Ibi bigira ingaruka kuri topologiya yimiterere yibanze ubwayo, kimwe nubunini bwikirahure. Izi mpinduka zombi, kimwe nubunini bwikibaho, zifitanye isano yingenzi nubushakashatsi bwubukanishi. Igishushanyo niterambere ryurwego rwa macro na meso byose birashobora gukorwa mubijyanye no gutezimbere mubyiciro bine byimiterere, imikorere, ubwiza nibishushanyo mbonera. Abakoresha barashobora guteza imbere isura rusange no kumva ibahasha yinyubako bashira imbere uturere.
Umushinga ushyigikiwe nigice cyubwubatsi ukoresheje loop loop. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, intego n’imipaka bisobanurwa mu cyiciro cyo gutezimbere cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2. Batanga koridoro ishoboka mu buryo bwa tekiniki, ifite umubiri, kandi ifite umutekano wo kubaka uhereye ku buhanga, bufite ingaruka zikomeye ku gishushanyo mbonera. Ngiyo intangiriro yibikoresho bitandukanye bishobora kwinjizwa muri Grasshopper. Muyandi maperereza, imitungo yubukorikori irashobora gusuzumwa hifashishijwe Isesengura ryibanze (FEM) cyangwa no kubara.
Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwimirasire yizuba, umurongo-wo-kureba-isesengura, hamwe nizuba ryerekana igihe cyizuba bishobora gusuzuma ingaruka ziterwa nibintu byubaka umubiri. Ni ngombwa kutagabanya cyane umuvuduko, imikorere nuburyo bworoshye bwibikorwa. Nkibyo, ibisubizo byabonetse hano byateguwe kugirango bitange ubundi buyobozi ninkunga mugushushanya kandi ntabwo bisimburwa nisesengura rirambuye no gutsindishirizwa kurangiza gahunda yo gushushanya. Iyi gahunda yibikorwa ishyiraho urufatiro rwubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubisubizo byagaragaye. Kurugero, bike biramenyekana kubyerekeranye nubukanishi bwimikorere yibikoresho bitandukanye munsi yimitwaro itandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo gushyigikira.
Igishushanyo nubuhanga bimaze kurangira, icyitegererezo cyiteguye kubyara digitale. Igikorwa cyo gukora kigabanyijemo ibice bine (Ishusho 4). Ubwa mbere, imiterere nyamukuru yahimbwe hiyongereyeho imashini nini ya robot nini ya 3D. Ubuso noneho burasya hakoreshejwe sisitemu imwe ya robo kugirango uzamure ubuziranenge busabwa kugirango uhuze neza. Nyuma yo gusya, ibifatika bishyirwa kumurongo wibanze ukoresheje sisitemu yabugenewe idasanzwe yashizwe kuri sisitemu imwe ya robo ikoreshwa mugucapa no gusya. Hanyuma, ikirahuri cyarashyizweho kandi gishyirwa mbere ya UV gukira hamwe.
Kubikorwa byongeweho, topologiya isobanuwe yimiterere igomba guhindurwa mururimi rwa CNC imashini (GCode). Kubisubizo bimwe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge, intego ni ugucapa buri cyiciro nta extruder nozzle igwa. Ibi birinda gukandamizwa udashaka mugitangira no kurangiza urugendo. Kubwibyo, gukomeza inzira ya trayectory ibisekuru byanditswe kugirango ingirabuzimafatizo ikoreshwa. Ibi bizakora ibipimo bikomeza polyline hamwe nintangiriro imwe nimpera yanyuma, ihuza nubunini bwatoranijwe, ingano nubunini bwubuki nkuko byashushanyije. Mubyongeyeho, ibipimo nkubugari bwumurongo nuburebure bwumurongo birashobora gutomorwa mbere yo gushyira imirongo kugirango ugere kuburebure bwifuzwa bwimiterere nyamukuru. Intambwe ikurikira mubyanditswe ni kwandika G-code amategeko.
Ibi bikorwa mukwandika imirongo ya buri ngingo kumurongo hamwe namakuru yinyongera yimashini nkizindi axe zijyanye no guhagarara no kugenzura amajwi. G-code yavuyemo irashobora kwimurwa mumashini itanga umusaruro. Muri uru rugero, amaboko ya robot yo mu nganda ya Comau NJ165 kuri gari ya moshi ikoreshwa mu kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya CEAD E25 ukurikije G-code (Ishusho 5). Porotipire yambere yakoresheje nyuma yinganda PETG ifite fibre yikirahure irimo 20%. Kubijyanye no gupima imashini, ingano yintego yegereye ubunini bwinganda zubaka, bityo ibipimo byibintu nyamukuru ni 1983 × 876 mm hamwe na selile 6 × 4. Mm 6 na mm 2 z'uburebure.
Ibizamini byibanze byerekanye ko hari itandukaniro ryimbaraga zifatika hagati yifata na 3D icapura ibyuma bitewe nubuso bwacyo. Kugirango ukore ibi, ibizamini byo gukora byongeweho byometseho cyangwa bigashyirwa mubirahuri kandi bigaterwa impagarara cyangwa kogosha. Mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya imashini ya polymer hejuru yo gusya, imbaraga ziyongereye cyane (Ishusho 6). Mubyongeyeho, itezimbere uburinganire bwibanze kandi ikarinda inenge ziterwa no gukabya. UV ikiza LOCTITE® AA 3345 ™ [19] acrylate ikoreshwa hano irumva neza uburyo bwo gutunganya.
Ibi akenshi bivamo gutandukana kurwego rwo hejuru kuburugero rwikigereranyo. Nyuma yo gukora inyongeramusaruro, imiterere yibanze yasaruwe kumashini isya. G-code isabwa muriki gikorwa ihita ikorwa muburyo bwibikoresho bimaze gukorwa kubikorwa byo gucapa 3D. Imiterere yibanze igomba gucapurwa hejuru gato kurenza uburebure bwagenewe. Muri uru rugero, imiterere ya mm 18 yuburebure yagabanutse kugera kuri mm 14.
Iki gice cyibikorwa byo gukora nikibazo gikomeye cyo kwikora byuzuye. Gukoresha ibishishwa bishyira hejuru cyane kumashini nukuri. Sisitemu yo gukuramo pneumatike ikoreshwa mugukoresha ibifatika kumiterere yibanze. Iyobowe na robo hejuru yo gusya ukurikije inzira yasobanuwe. Biragaragara ko gusimbuza inama gakondo yo gutanga hamwe na brush ari byiza cyane. Ibi bituma ibishishwa bito bito bitangwa kimwe nubunini. Aya mafaranga agenwa nigitutu muri sisitemu n'umuvuduko wa robo. Kubisobanuro birambuye kandi bihuza ubuziranenge, umuvuduko muke wa 200 kugeza 800 mm / min urakunzwe.
Acrylate ifite impuzandengo ya mPa * s 1500 yashyizwe kurukuta rwimikorere ya polymer ya mm 6 z'ubugari ukoresheje umuyonga wa dose ufite diameter y'imbere ya mm 0.84 n'ubugari bwa brush kuri 5 ku gipimo cya 0.3 kugeza 0,6 mbar. mm. Ibifatika noneho bikwirakwizwa hejuru ya substrate hanyuma bigakora igipimo cya mm 1 z'ubugari kubera uburemere bwubuso. Igenamigambi nyaryo ryubunini bufatika ntirishobora kwikora. Ikiringo cyibikorwa nigipimo cyingenzi muguhitamo ibifatika. Imiterere yibanze yakozwe hano ifite uburebure bwa metero 26 bityo rero igihe cyo gusaba cyiminota 30 kugeza 60.
Nyuma yo gushiraho ibifatika, shyiramo idirishya ryubatswe kabiri. Bitewe n'ubunini buke bwibikoresho, ikirahure cyoroheje kimaze guhindurwa cyane nuburemere bwacyo bityo kigomba guhagarikwa kuburyo bushoboka. Kubwibyo, ibikombe byo guswera ibirahuri bya pneumatike hamwe nibikombe byo guswera bikwirakwizwa. Ishyirwa mubice ukoresheje crane, kandi mugihe kizaza irashobora gushyirwaho bitaziguye ukoresheje robo. Isahani yikirahuri yashyizwe kuburinganire hejuru yubuso hejuru yumutwe. Bitewe n'uburemere bworoshye, isahani yongeyeho ikirahure (4 mm 6 z'ubugari) byongera umuvuduko kuri yo.
Igisubizo kigomba kuba cyuzuye hejuru yikirahure hejuru yimiterere, nkuko bishobora kugenzurwa uhereye kubanza kugenzura amashusho agaragara atandukanye. Gahunda yo gusaba irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yanyuma ihuriweho. Iyo bimaze guhuzwa, ibirahuri by'ibirahure ntibigomba kwimurwa kuko ibi bizavamo ibisigara bigaragara neza ku kirahure kandi bifite inenge muburyo bufatika. Hanyuma, ibifatika byakize hamwe nimirasire ya UV kumuraba wa 365 nm. Kugirango ukore ibi, itara rya UV rifite ingufu zingana na 6 mW / cm2 rigenda buhoro buhoro hejuru yubutaka bwose kuri s 60.
Igitekerezo cyoroheje kandi gishobora guhindurwamo ibirahuri byoroheje hamwe nibikoresho byongeweho byongeweho polymer yibanze byaganiriweho gukoreshwa mugihe kizaza. Niyo mpamvu, ibice bigize ibice bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho kandi byujuje ibisabwa kuri leta ntarengwa (SLS), imipaka ntarengwa (ULS) nibisabwa byumutekano. Kubwibyo, ibice bigize ibice bigomba kuba bifite umutekano, bikomeye, kandi bigakomera bihagije kugirango bihangane n'imizigo (nk'imitwaro yo hejuru) itavunitse cyangwa ihindagurika rikabije. Kugira ngo hakorwe iperereza ku gisubizo cy’ibikoresho byahimbwe mbere (nkuko byasobanuwe mu gice cya Mechanical Testing), bakorewe ibizamini byo gutwara umuyaga nkuko byasobanuwe mu gice gikurikira.
Intego yo kwipimisha kumubiri nukwiga imiterere yubukorikori bwibikoresho bigize urukuta rwo hanze munsi yumuyaga. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, imbaho zigizwe na mm 3 z'uburebure bwuzuye ikirahure cy'ikirahure cyo hanze hamwe na mm 14 z'ubugari bwiyongereyeho (kuva PIPG-GF20) byahimbwe nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru ukoresheje Henkel Loctite AA 3345 yometseho (Ishusho 7 ibumoso). )). . Ibibaho bigizwe noneho bigashyirwa kumurongo wo gushyigikira ibiti hamwe ninsinga zicyuma zinyuzwa mumbaho yimbaho no mumpande zimiterere nyamukuru. Imiyoboro 30 yashyizwe hafi yikibaho (reba umurongo wumukara ibumoso ibumoso ku gishushanyo 7) kugirango ubyare umurongo wo gushyigikira umurongo uzengurutse impande zose zishoboka.
Ikizamini cyikizamini cyafunzwe ku rukuta rwo hanze rwifashishije umuvuduko wumuyaga cyangwa umuyaga uhuha inyuma yikibaho (Ishusho 7, hejuru iburyo). Sisitemu yo guhuza imibare (DIC) ikoreshwa mukwandika amakuru. Kugirango ukore ibi, ikirahuri cyo hanze cyikibaho gitwikiriwe nurupapuro rworoshye rwa elastike rwacapishijweho urusaku rwa pearline (Ishusho 7, hepfo iburyo). DIC ikoresha kamera ebyiri kugirango yandike umwanya ugereranije yibipimo byose bipima hejuru yikirahure cyose. Amashusho abiri kumasegonda yarafashwe kandi akoreshwa mugusuzuma. Umuvuduko uri mucyumba, uzengurutswe na panne compteur, wongerewe hifashishijwe umufana muri 1000 Pa yiyongera kugeza ku giciro ntarengwa cya 4000 Pa, kuburyo buri rwego rwumutwaro rugumaho amasegonda 10.
Imiterere yumubiri yubushakashatsi nayo igaragazwa nicyitegererezo cyumubare ufite ibipimo bimwe bya geometrike. Kuri iyi, gahunda yumubare Ansys Mechanical ikoreshwa. Imiterere yibanze yari meshi ya geometrike ikoresheje SOLID 185 yibice bitandatu hamwe na mm 20 kumpande yikirahure hamwe na tetrahedral ya SOLID 187 ifite impande 3 mm. Kugirango woroshye kwerekana imiterere, muriki cyiciro cyubushakashatsi, hafatwa hano ko acrylate yakoreshejwe ari nziza kandi yoroheje, kandi isobanurwa nkumubano ukomeye hagati yikirahure nibikoresho byingenzi.
Ikibaho gikomatanyije gishyizwe kumurongo ugororotse hanze yimbere, kandi ikirahuri cyikirahure kiremereye hejuru yumuvuduko wa 4000 Pa.Nubwo uburinganire bwa geometrike bwazirikanwe mugushushanya, gusa ibikoresho byerekana umurongo byakoreshejwe muriki cyiciro cya kwiga. Nubwo iki ari igitekerezo cyemewe kubisubizo byumurongo wibirahure (E = 70.000 MPa), nkurikije urupapuro rwamakuru yakozwe nuwakoze ibikoresho bya (viscoelastic) polymeric core [17], umurongo wa E = 8245 MPa wakoreshejwe muri isesengura ryubu rigomba gusuzumwa cyane kandi rizigwa mubushakashatsi buzaza.
Ibisubizo byatanzwe hano birasuzumwa cyane cyane kubihindagurika kumuyaga mwinshi ugera kuri 4000 Pa (= ˆ4kN / m2). Kubwibyo, amashusho yanditswe nuburyo bwa DIC yagereranijwe n ibisubizo byo kwigana imibare (FEM) (Ishusho 8, hepfo iburyo). Mugihe icyerekezo cyuzuye cya mm 0 hamwe na "ideal" umurongo ushyigikiwe mukarere ka ruguru (ni ukuvuga paneli perimeteri) ubarwa muri FEM, kwimura umubiri kwagace kagomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyo gusuzuma DIC. Ibi biterwa no kwihanganira kwishyiriraho no guhindura ikizamini cyikizamini hamwe na kashe yacyo. Kugereranya, impuzandengo yimurwa mukarere kegereye (umurongo wera ucagaguye ku gishushanyo cya 8) wakuwe mubyimuwe byinshi hagati yikibaho. Kwimurwa kugenwa na DIC na FEA bigereranijwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 kandi byerekanwe mu buryo bwo hejuru mu mfuruka yo hejuru y’ibumoso ya 8.
Inzego enye zikoreshwa murwego rwubushakashatsi bwakoreshejwe nkibintu byo kugenzura no gusuzuma muri FEM. Kwimura kwinshi hagati ya plaque yibikoresho muri reta yapakuruwe byagenwe nibipimo bya DIC kurwego rwumutwaro wa 4000 Pa kuri mm 2.18. Mugihe ibyimurwa bya FEA kumitwaro yo hasi (kugeza 2000 Pa) irashobora kubyara neza indangagaciro zigeragezwa, kwiyongera kutari kumurongo kwiyongera kumitwaro iremereye ntishobora kubarwa neza.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibice byinshi bishobora kwihanganira imitwaro ikabije yumuyaga. Ubukomezi bukabije bwibikoresho byoroheje biragaragara cyane. Ukoresheje ibarura ryisesengura rishingiye ku murongo ugaragara wa plaque ya Kirchhoff [20], ihinduka rya mm 2,18 kuri 4000 Pa rihuye no guhindura isahani imwe yikirahure imwe ya mm 12 z'ubugari mu bihe bimwe. Nkigisubizo, ubunini bwikirahure (nimbaraga nyinshi mukubyara umusaruro) muriki gice gishobora kugabanywa kugeza kuri 2 x 3mm ikirahure, bikavamo kuzigama ibikoresho 50%. Kugabanya uburemere rusange bwikibaho bitanga inyungu zinyongera mubijyanye no guterana. Mugihe 30 kg yibikoresho bishobora gukemurwa byoroshye nabantu babiri, ikirahuri gakondo cya kg 50 gisaba inkunga ya tekinike kugirango igende neza. Kugirango ugaragaze neza imyitwarire yubukanishi, ibisobanuro birambuye byumubare bizakenerwa mubyigisho bizaza. Isesengura ryibintu byanyuma birashobora kurushaho kunozwa hamwe nuburyo bwagutse butari umurongo wibikoresho bya polymers hamwe no kwerekana imiterere ihuza.
Gutezimbere no kunoza imikorere ya digitale bigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubukungu nibidukikije mubikorwa byubwubatsi. Mubyongeyeho, gukoresha ikirahure cyoroshye muri façade gisezeranya imbaraga no kuzigama umutungo kandi bikingura uburyo bushya bwububiko. Ariko, kubera ubunini buke bwikirahure, ibisubizo bishya birasabwa kugirango ushimangire bihagije ikirahure. Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwatanzwe muri iyi ngingo burasesengura icyerekezo cyibikoresho bikozwe mu kirahure cyoroshye kandi gihujwe na 3D icapishijwe polymer yibanze. Ibikorwa byose byakozwe kuva mubishushanyo kugeza kumusaruro byanditswe kandi byikora. Hifashishijwe Grasshopper, dosiye-y-uruganda rwakazi rwakozwe kugirango rushobore gukoresha ikariso yoroheje yibirahure yibikoresho biri imbere.
Umusaruro wa prototype ya mbere werekanye ko bishoboka ningorane zo gukora robot. Mugihe ibicuruzwa byongeweho kandi bikuramo bimaze guhuzwa neza, byikora byuzuye kandi bifata ibyemezo hamwe ninteko byumwihariko bitanga izindi ngorane zigomba gukemurwa mubushakashatsi buzaza. Binyuze mu igeragezwa ryibanze ryibikoresho hamwe nubushakashatsi bugarukira, byerekanwe ko panne yoroheje kandi yoroheje itanga fiberglass itanga imbaraga zihagije zo kugonda kubyo bagenewe façade, ndetse no mubihe bikabije byumuyaga. Ubushakashatsi bwakomeje gukorwa nabanditsi buzakomeza gukora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bito byifashishijwe mu buryo bwa digitike ya pansiyo ya façade kandi bigaragaze imikorere yabyo.
Abanditsi barashimira abaterankunga bose bafitanye isano niki gikorwa cyubushakashatsi. Ndashimira gahunda yo gutera inkunga EFRE SAB yatewe inkunga n’amafaranga y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu buryo bwo gutanga inkunga No. 100537005. Byongeye kandi, AiF-ZIM yemerewe gutera inkunga umushinga w’ubushakashatsi wa Glasfur3D (inkunga ya ZF4123725WZ9) ku bufatanye na Glaswerkstätten Glas Ahne, watanze inkunga ikomeye kuri iki gikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi. Hanyuma, Laboratoire ya Friedrich Siemens n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo, cyane cyane Felix Hegewald n'umufasha w’abanyeshuri Jonathan Holzerr, barashimira ubufasha bwa tekiniki no gushyira mu bikorwa ibihimbano n’ibizamini bifatika byabaye ishingiro ry’uru rupapuro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-04-2023