Iyerekwa rya Anish Kapoor ku gishushanyo cya Cloud Gate muri Parike ya Millennium ya Chicago gisa na mercure y'amazi, igaragaza umujyi ukikije. Kugera kuri ubu bwuzuye ni umurimo wurukundo.
Ati: "Icyo nashakaga gukora muri Millennium Park kwari ugukora ikintu cyigana skyline ya Chicago… kugirango abantu babone ibicu bitembera kandi izi nyubako ndende cyane zigaragarira mubikorwa. Hanyuma, kubera ko ari ku irembo. Ifishi, abitabiriye amahugurwa, abayireba bazashobora kwinjira muri iki cyumba cyimbitse cyane, muburyo bumwe bukora muburyo bwo kwerekana umuntu icyo isura yumurimo ikora kugirango igaragaze umujyi ukikije. Anish Kapoor, Igicapo c'Irembo
Uhereye gusa hejuru yubuso bwibishusho binini bitagira umuyonga, biragoye kumenya umubare wibyuma ninda byihishe munsi yubutaka. Irembo rya Cloud ririmo inkuru zabakora ibyuma birenga 100, abakata, gusudira, abarangiza, injeniyeri, abatekinisiye, ibyuma, abashiraho n'abayobozi - mu myaka itanu ishize.
Benshi bakoze amasaha menshi, bakora mu mahugurwa mu gicuku, bakambika ahazubakwa kandi bakora mu bushyuhe bwa dogere 110 bambaye amakositimu yuzuye ya Tyvek® hazmat hamwe na respirators ya mask. Bamwe bakora mumwanya wo kurwanya uburemere, hamwe nibikoresho byahagaritswe kubikoresho, kandi bigakora ahantu hanyerera. Ibintu byose bigenda bike (kandi birenze kure) kugirango ibidashoboka bishoboka.
Gupima toni 110, uburebure bwa metero 66 na metero 33 z'uburebure, igishushanyo cy’icyuma kitagira umwanda, kigizwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera bya Anish Kapoor byerekana ko ibicu bizamuka, ni umurimo wa Performance Structures Inc., uruganda rukora inganda. (PSI), Oakland, California, na MTH. Inshingano, Parike ya Villa, Illinois. Ku isabukuru yimyaka 120, MTH numwe mubakera ba kera bakora ibyuma byubaka ibirahure mukarere ka Chicago.
Kumenya ibisabwa byumushinga bizakenera imikorere yubuhanzi, ubuhanga, ubumenyi bwubukanishi nubumenyi bwo gukora-buhanga bwibigo byombi. Bakoze gutumiza ndetse banakora ibikoresho byumushinga.
Bimwe mubibazo byumushinga byari bifitanye isano nuburyo bugoramye - umugozi cyangwa umusego uhindagurika - ndetse nubunini bunini. Iki gishushanyo cyubatswe n’amasosiyete abiri atandukanye ahantu hatandukanye ibilometero ibihumbi bitandukanye, cyateje ibibazo byimodoka nuburyo bwimiterere. Inzira nyinshi zigomba gukorwa mumurima ziragoye gukora kumaduka, kereka mumurima. Ingorane nyinshi zivuka gusa kuberako izo nyubako zitigeze zikorwa mbere, kubwibyo ntaho bihurira, nta bishushanyo, nta bishushanyo mbonera.
Ethan Silva wo muri PSI afite uburambe bunini mugutegura, ubanza kubwato nyuma no mubindi bikorwa byubuhanzi, kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bidasanzwe kubikorwa byo gutegura. Anish Kapoor yasabye abahawe impamyabumenyi n’ubuhanzi gutanga icyitegererezo gito.
Ati: "Nakoze rero 2m kuri 3m, igice cyoroshye rwose kigoramye, gisennye, arambwira ati:" Yoo, wabikoze, ni wowe wenyine wabikoze, "kuko yashakaga imyaka ibiri. Ngwino, saba umuntu ubikora. ”Silva.
Umugambi wambere wari uwo PSI guhimba no kubaka icyo gishushanyo uko cyakabaye hanyuma ikohereza yose uko yakabaye mu nyanja ya pasifika yepfo, ikanyura mu muyoboro wa Panama, mu majyaruguru ikagera mu nyanja ya Atalantika no kunyura ku nyanja ya St. Lawrence kugera ku cyambu kiri ku kiyaga. Michigan, nk'uko umuyobozi mukuru abitangaza. Ulliel yavuze ko Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, sisitemu yabugenewe yabugenewe idasanzwe izamujyana muri Millennium Park. Imbogamizi zigihe ningirakamaro zifatika zihinduka kuriyi gahunda. Ibibaho bigoramye rero byabaye ngombwa ko bitegurwa kugirango bitwarwe hanyuma bikajyanwa i Chicago, aho MTH yakusanyirizaga ibyubatswe hamwe nububiko hanyuma igahuza imbaho nububiko.
Kurangiza no gusiga ibicu bya Cloud Gate kugirango ubahe isura ntakintu cyari kimwe mubintu bigoye byo kwishyiriraho no guterana kurubuga. Intambwe 12 yintambwe irangizwa no gukoresha ibara ryaka, risa na imitako.
Silva yagize ati: "Muri rusange, twakoze kuri uyu mushinga, dukora ibi bice mu gihe cy'imyaka itatu." Ati: “Iki ni igikorwa gikomeye. Bifata igihe kinini kugirango umenye uko wabikora no gukora ibisobanuro birambuye; urabizi, biratunganye rwose. Uburyo bwacu, bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa no gukora ibyuma byiza bishaje, ni ihuriro ryo guhimba no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kirere. ”
Ku bwe, biragoye gukora ikintu kinini kandi kiremereye kandi cyuzuye. Icyapa kinini cyagereranije metero 7 z'ubugari na metero 11 z'uburebure kandi gipima ibiro 1.500.
Silva agira ati: "Gukora imirimo yose ya CAD no gukora ibishushanyo nyabyo by'ibicuruzwa kuri iki gicuruzwa byari umushinga munini ubwawo." Ati: "Dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa mu gupima amasahani no gusuzuma neza imiterere n'imiterere yabyo kugirango bihuze neza.
Silva yagize ati: "Twakoze kwigana mudasobwa hanyuma tuyitandukanya." Ati: “Nakoresheje ubunararibonye bwanjye mu kubaka ibishishwa maze mbona uburyo bwo kugabana ibumba kugira ngo imirongo idoda ikore kugira ngo tubone ibisubizo byiza.”
Amasahani amwe afite kare kandi amwe afite ishusho. Iyo begereye inzibacyuho ityaye, niko ziba zimeze nka pie kandi nini nini ya radiyo yinzibacyuho. Hejuru bararyoshye kandi binini.
Silva avuga ko gukata plasma 1/4 kugeza 3/8 santimetero 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda birakomeye bihagije wenyine. “Ikibazo nyacyo cyari ugutanga amasahani manini neza. Ibi byakozwe muburyo bunoze bwo gukora no gukora sisitemu yimbavu ya buri sahani. Ibi byadushoboje kumenya neza imiterere ya buri sahani. ”
Amabati azunguruka kumuzingo wa 3D yateguwe kandi yakozwe na PSI byumwihariko kugirango azunguruke aya mabati (reba Ishusho 1). Ati: "Nubwoko bwa mubyara wa rink yo mucyongereza. Turazunguruka dukoresheje tekinike isa no gukora amababa, ”Silva. Hindura buri rupapuro ubyimura inyuma no hejuru kuri muzingo, uhindure igitutu kumuzingo kugeza urupapuro ruri muri 0.01 ″ yubunini bwifuzwa. Kuri we, ibisobanuro bihanitse bisabwa bituma bigora gukora amasahani neza.
Abasudira baca basudira isahani yunamye kumiterere yimbere ya sisitemu yimbavu bakoresheje flux cores. Silva abisobanura agira ati: "Njye mbona, kwinjiza flux ari inzira nziza rwose yo gusudira imiterere mu byuma bitagira umwanda." Ati: "Itanga ubudodo bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bugamije umusaruro cyane kandi busa neza."
Ubuso bwose bwibibaho bwumucanga n'intoki kandi bugakorwa kugirango ubukate kugeza ku gihumbi gisabwa cya santimetero isabwa kugirango bihuze neza (reba Ishusho 2). Kugenzura ibipimo hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima neza na laser. Hanyuma, ikibaho gisizwe neza kugirango kirangire kandi gitwikiriwe na firime ikingira.
Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibibaho, hamwe nifatizo hamwe nimiterere yimbere, byashyizwe mubiterane byikigereranyo mbere yuko ibyo bikoresho biva muri Auckland (reba ishusho ya 3 na 4). Hateganijwe uburyo bwo kumanika amasahani hanyuma hasudwa gusudira kuri bimwe mu byapa bito kugirango bifatanye. Silva ati: "Ubwo rero iyo dushyize hamwe i Chicago, twari tuzi ko bizakwira."
Ubushyuhe, igihe hamwe no kunyeganyega kwa trolley birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa bizunguruka bigabanuka. Urubavu rwa rubavu ntirugenewe gusa kongera ubukana bwikibaho, ahubwo rugamije no gukomeza imiterere yikibaho mugihe cyo gutwara.
Kubwibyo, amasahani akorerwa ubushyuhe no gukonjesha kugirango agabanye imihangayiko yibintu ashimangira inshundura imbere. Kugirango urusheho gukumira ibyangiritse mugihe cyo koherezwa, buri kibaho cyashyizwemo imitwe hanyuma gishyirwa mubintu hafi bine icyarimwe.
Ibyo bikoresho byapakiwe kuri kimwe cya kabiri, hafi enye icyarimwe, hanyuma byoherezwa i Chicago hamwe n'abakozi ba PSI kugirango bishyirwemo n'abakozi ba MTH. Umwe ni logistique uhuza ubwikorezi, undi ni umuyobozi wa tekinike yurubuga. Akorana buri munsi n'abakozi ba MTH kandi agafasha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya nkuko bikenewe. Silva yagize ati: "Nibyo koko, yagize uruhare rukomeye muri gahunda."
Perezida wa MTH, Lyle Hill, avuga ko MTH Industries yabanje gushingwa guhambira igishushanyo cya etereal hasi no gushyiraho superstructure, hanyuma kuyisudira amasahani no gukora umusenyi wa nyuma no gusya, PSI itanga ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki. Kurangiza igishusho bisobanura ubuhanzi. Kuringaniza imyitozo, inyigisho hamwe nimyitozo, igihe gisabwa nigihe giteganijwe.
Lou Czerny, visi perezida w’ubwubatsi n’umuyobozi ushinzwe imishinga muri MTH, yavuze ko ashimishijwe n’umushinga udasanzwe. Czerny yagize ati: "Dukurikije ubumenyi dufite, ibintu byinshi byabaye kuri uyu mushinga wihariye utarakozwe cyangwa utigeze utekerezwa mbere".
Ariko guteza imbere ubwoko bwambere bisaba ubuhanga bwihuse aho kugirango usubize ibibazo bitunguranye kandi usubize ibibazo bivuka munzira:
Nigute ushobora gushiraho ibyuma 128 byimodoka ifite ibyuma bidafite ibyuma kuri superstructure ihoraho witonze? Nigute wagurisha igihangange flexbeans utayishingikirije? Nigute ushobora kwinjira muri weld utabasha gusudira imbere? Nigute ushobora kugera ku ndorerwamo nziza yo kurangiza ibyuma bidafite ingese mu murima? Bigenda bite iyo inkuba ikubise?
Czerny yavuze ko ikimenyetso cya mbere cyerekana ko uyu uzaba ari umushinga utoroshye ari igihe kubaka no gushyiraho urubuga rwa pound 30.000 byatangiraga. Imiterere yicyuma ishyigikira igishusho.
Nubwo guhimba ibyuma birebire bya zinc byubatswe bitangwa na PSI kugirango bateranye umusingi wubutaka biroroshye, ibyubatswe biherereye hagati ya resitora no hagati ya parikingi, buri kimwe muburebure butandukanye.
Czerny yagize ati: "Rero shingiro ni ubwoko bwa cantilevered, wobbly ahantu hamwe." Ati: "Aho twashyizemo ibyuma byinshi, harimo no gutangira imirimo nyirizina, twagombaga rwose gutwara crane mu mwobo wa metero 5."
Czerny yavuze ko bakoresheje sisitemu ihambaye cyane, harimo na sisitemu yo kwiyitirira imashini isa n'iyakoreshejwe mu gucukura amakara ndetse na ankeri zimwe na zimwe. Iyo ibyuma byubatswe bimaze gushyirwaho muri beto, superstructure igomba gushyirwaho igishishwa kizafatanwa.
Czerny agira ati: "Twatangiye dushiraho sisitemu ya truss ifite ibyuma bibiri binini 304 bidafite ibyuma O-impeta - imwe ku mpera y’amajyaruguru naho iy'amajyepfo." (Reba Ishusho 3). Impeta zifatanijwe hamwe no guhuza igituba. Impeta yibanze ya subframe igabanijwe kandi ihindurwamo ahantu ukoresheje GMAW hamwe na electrode yo gusudira.
Ati: "Hano rero hari superstructure nini ntanumwe wigeze abona; byose ni urwego rw'imiterere, ”Czerny.
Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu nyinshi mugushushanya, gukora, gukora, guhimba no gushiraho ibice byose bikenerwa mumushinga wa Oakland, icyo gishushanyo nticyari cyarigeze kibaho, kandi inzira nshya zihora ziherekejwe na burr no gushushanya. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, guhuza ibigo bimwe byo gukora uruganda hamwe nibindi ntabwo byoroshye nko gutsinda inkoni. Mubyongeyeho, intera igaragara hagati yurubuga itera gutinda gutangwa, bigatuma bimwe mubikorwa byimbuga byumvikana.
Silva yagize ati: "N'ubwo gahunda yo guteranya no gusudira yari yarateguwe mbere muri Auckland, imiterere nyayo nyayo yasabaga buri wese guhanga." Ati: “Kandi abakozi b'ubumwe ni beza rwose.”
Mu mezi ya mbere, umurimo wingenzi wa MTH kwari ukumenya icyasabwaga kumurimo wumunsi, nuburyo bwiza bwo guhimba bimwe mubice bisabwa kugirango hubakwe subframe, hamwe na stuts zimwe, "guhungabana", amaboko, pin , kandi, nkuko Hill yabivuze, inkoni ya pogo. byari bikenewe kugirango habeho sisitemu yo kuruhande.
Ati: "Ni inzira ikomeza, gushushanya no gukora ku isazi kugirango ibintu byose bigende kandi bigere mu murima vuba. Tumara umwanya munini utondekanya ibyo dufite, mubihe bimwe na bimwe gushushanya no gushushanya, hanyuma tugakora ibice bikenewe.
Hill yagize ati: "Ku wa kabiri gusa tuzaba dufite ibintu 10 dukeneye kugira mu kibuga ku wa gatatu." Ati: "Dufite amasaha y'ikirenga kandi imirimo myinshi yo mu iduka ikorwa mu gicuku."
Czerny agira ati: "Hafi ya 75 ku ijana by'iteraniro ryo ku ruhande rikorwa cyangwa ryahinduwe ku rubuga." Ati: "Hariho inshuro ebyiri twabikoze amasaha 24 kuri 24. Nari mu iduka kugeza saa mbiri cyangwa 3 za mugitondo ngaruka murugo saa kumi nimwe nigice za mugitondo, niyuhagira, mfata ibikoresho, ndacyatose. ”
Sisitemu yo guhagarika by'agateganyo MTN ikoreshwa mu guteranya hull igizwe n'amasoko, imirya n'insinga. Ihuriro ryose riri hagati yisahani rifunzwe byigihe gito na bolts. Czerny yagize ati: "Imiterere yose rero ihujwe mu buryo bwa mashini, ihagarikwa imbere imbere na truss 304."
Twatangiriye kuri dome iri munsi yikigirwamana - “igitereko kiri imbere.” Dome ihagarikwa muri trusses ikoresheje sisitemu yigihe gito yingingo enye yo guhagarika isoko, igizwe nimanitse, insinga nisoko. Mugihe hiyongereyeho imbaho nyinshi, amasoko ahinduka "impano", Czerny. Amasoko noneho arahindurwa ashingiye kuburemere bwinyongera bwa buri sahani kugirango aringanize ibishusho byose.
Buri kibaho 168 gifite uburyo bwacyo bwo guhagarika ingingo enye hamwe na sisitemu yimpeshyi, kubwibyo bishyigikirwa kugiti cyabo. Czerny agira ati: "Igitekerezo ntabwo ari ugukabya ingingo zombi kuko zifitanye isano n'ikinyuranyo cya 0/0." Ati: "Niba inama y'ubutegetsi ikubise ikibaho munsi yacyo bishobora gutera intambara n'ibindi bibazo."
Ubuhamya bwibisobanuro bya PSI nibyiza cyane ntaho bihuriye. Czerny yagize ati: "PSI yakoze akazi gakomeye ikora ibi bisate." Ati: "Ndabaha inguzanyo kuko, amaherezo, arakwiriye rwose. Ibyiza byari byiza rwose nibyiza kuri njye. Turimo tuvuga byukuri hafi ibihumbi bya santimetero. . ”
Silva agira ati: “Igihe barangizaga iteraniro, abantu benshi batekerezaga ko byakozwe.” Ntabwo ari ukubera gusa, ariko nanone kubera ko igice cyari giteranijwe neza hamwe n'imbaho zacyo zisize neza bakoze amayeri. ibidukikije. Ariko ikibuno kiboneka kiragaragara, mercure y'amazi ntigira kashe. Silva yavuze ko kandi, iki gishushanyo cyari kigikenewe gusudwa neza kugira ngo gikomeze kuba inyangamugayo mu bihe bizaza.
Kurangiza Irembo rya Cloud byagombaga gutinda mugihe cyo gufungura parike kwinshi mu mpeshyi ya 2004, bityo omphalus yari blot ya GTAW, niyo mpamvu yamaraga amezi.
Czerny yagize ati: "Washoboraga kubona utudomo duto twijimye dukikije imiterere yari gusudira TIG." “Twatangiye gushinga amahema muri Mutarama.”
Silva yagize ati: "Ikibazo gikomeye cyakurikiyeho muri uyu mushinga ni ugusudira imyenda nta gutakaza neza neza kubera kugabanuka kwa weld".
Nk’uko Czerny abitangaza ngo gusudira kwa plasma byatanze imbaraga zikenewe hamwe no gukomera hamwe n'ingaruka nkeya ku rupapuro. Uruvange rwa 98% argon na 2% helium ninziza mukugabanya ububi no kunoza gushonga.
Abasudira bakoresheje uburyo bwo gusudira urufunguzo rwa plasma bakoresheje amashanyarazi ya Thermal Arc® hamwe na traktor idasanzwe hamwe ninteko yumuriro yateguwe kandi ikoreshwa na PSI.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-04-2023