Umuceri. 1.Mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka kwa sisitemu yo kugaburira ibiryo bihagaritse, impande ziyobora "zunama" imbere yizunguruka. Gucamo ibice bikurikiranye noneho biranyerera hejuru yisonga, bigashyirwa hamwe no gusudira kugirango bikorwe.
Umuntu uwo ari we wese ukora mu nganda zo guhimba ibyuma ashobora kuba amenyereye urusyo ruzunguruka, rwaba ari insyo zabanjirije nip, inshuro ebyiri-nip eshatu, imashini eshatu zisobanura geometrike, cyangwa insyo enye. Buri kimwe muribi gifite aho kigarukira nibyiza, ariko bifite ikintu kimwe gihuriraho: bazunguza impapuro namasahani mumwanya utambitse.
Uburyo butazwi burimo kuzunguruka mu cyerekezo gihagaritse. Kimwe nubundi buryo, guhindagurika guhagaritse bifite aho bigarukira ninyungu. Izi mbaraga hafi ya zose zikemura byibuze kimwe mubibazo bibiri. Imwe murimwe ningaruka za rukuruzi kumurimo mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, naho ubundi nubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya ibikoresho. Gutezimbere birashobora kunoza imikorere kandi amaherezo bikongerera ubushobozi bwo gukora.
Tekinoroji yo kuzunguruka ntabwo ari shyashya. Imizi yacyo irashobora kuva kuri sisitemu nyinshi zigenga zakozwe mu myaka ya za 70. Kugeza mu myaka ya za 90, abubatsi bamwe batangaga imashini zihinduranya nkumurongo usanzwe wibicuruzwa. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe ninganda zitandukanye, cyane cyane mubijyanye no kubaka tank.
Ibigega bisanzwe hamwe n’ibikoresho bikunze gukorwa mu buryo buhagaritse harimo ibikoreshwa mu biribwa, amata, vino, inzoga, n’inganda zikora imiti; Ibigega byo kubika amavuta ya API; ibigega by'amazi byo gusudira mu buhinzi cyangwa kubika amazi. Imizingo ihanamye igabanya cyane imikorere yibikoresho, akenshi itanga ubuziranenge bunamye, kandi ikora neza intambwe ikurikira yo guterana, guhuza no gusudira.
Iyindi nyungu irerekanwa aho ubushobozi bwo kubika ibikoresho bugarukira. Ububiko buhagaritse bwibisate cyangwa ibisate bisaba umwanya muto kuruta kubika ibisate cyangwa ibisate hejuru.
Tekereza ku iduka rifite ibinini binini bya diameter (cyangwa “ibice”) bizunguruka ku muzingo utambitse. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka, abakoresha bakora gusudira ahantu, kumanura kumurongo wuruhande, no kwagura igikonoshwa. Kubera ko igishishwa cyoroheje kigabanuka munsi yuburemere bwacyo, kigomba gushimangirwa na stiffeners cyangwa stabilisateur cyangwa kuzunguruka kumwanya uhagaze.
Umubare munini wibikorwa-kugaburira imbaho kuva kuri horizontal kugeza kuri horizontal gusa kugirango uyikuremo nyuma yo kuzunguruka no kuyihuza kugirango ushyire - irashobora guteza ibibazo byubwoko bwose. Turabikesha guhindagurika, iduka rikuraho ibintu byose bitunganijwe. Impapuro cyangwa imbaho zigaburirwa mu buryo buhagaritse kandi zizunguruka, zifite umutekano, hanyuma zikazamurwa mu buryo buhagaritse kubikorwa bizakurikiraho. Iyo gutobora, ikigega cya tank ntigishobora kurwanya uburemere, ntabwo rero cyunama munsi yuburemere bwacyo.
Kuzunguruka guhagaritse bibaho kumashini enye zizunguruka, cyane cyane kubigega bito (mubisanzwe munsi ya metero 8 z'umurambararo) bizoherezwa hepfo hanyuma bigatunganyirizwa mu buryo buhagaritse. Sisitemu ya 4-izunguruka yemerera kongera kuzunguruka kugirango ikureho amagorofa atagabanijwe (aho imizingo ifata urupapuro), ibyo bikaba bigaragara cyane kuri cores diameter nto.
Kenshi na kenshi, kuzunguruka guhagaritse ibigega bikorwa ku mashini eshatu zizunguruka hamwe na geometrie ikomatanya kabiri, igaburirwa ku byuma cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye (ubu buryo buragenda buba rusange). Muri uku gushiraho, uyikoresha akoresha radiyo igipimo cyangwa icyitegererezo kugirango apime radiyo y'uruzitiro. Bahindura imizingo igoramye iyo bakoze kumurongo wambere wurubuga, hanyuma nanone nkuko urubuga rukomeza kugaburira. Mugihe bobbin ikomeje kwinjira mubikomere byayo imbere, amasoko yibikoresho ariyongera kandi uyikoresha yimura bobbin kugirango atere kunama kugirango yishyure.
Elastique iterwa nimiterere yibikoresho n'ubwoko bwa coil. Diameter y'imbere (ID) ya coil ni ngombwa. Ibindi bingana, coil ni santimetero 20. Indangamuntu irakomeretsa kandi ifite gutaka kurenza igikomere kimwe kugeza kuri santimetero 26. KUMENYA.
Igishushanyo cya 2. Kuzunguruka bihagaritse byahindutse igice cyibice byinshi byubatswe. Iyo ukoresheje crane, inzira isanzwe itangirira hejuru kandi igakora inzira. Reba icyerekezo cyonyine gihagaritse kurwego rwo hejuru.
Icyitonderwa, icyakora, kuzunguruka mumitambiko ihagaritse bitandukanye cyane no kuzunguruka isahani yibyibushye kumuzingo utambitse. Mugihe cyanyuma, abakora bakorana umwete kugirango barebe ko impande zimpapuro zihuye neza nurangiza kuzenguruka. Amabati maremare azengurutswe na diametre ntoya ntabwo akora cyane.
Mugihe cyo gukora gishobora gukonjeshwa hamwe nu muzingo ugaburiwe guhagarikwa, umukoresha ntashobora guhuza impande zose nyuma yizunguruka kuko, byanze bikunze, urupapuro ruva mubizingo. Mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, urupapuro rufite urwego ruyobora, ariko ntiruzagira impande zinyuma kugeza igihe ruciwe kuva muruzingo. Kubijyanye na sisitemu, umuzingo uzunguruka muruziga rwuzuye mbere yuko umuzingo wunama, hanyuma ucibwe nyuma yo kurangiza (reba Ishusho 1). Gucamo ibice bikurikiranye noneho biranyerera hejuru yimbere, bigashyirwa, hanyuma bigasudwa kugirango bibe igiceri kizungurutse.
Imbere yo kunama no kongera kuzunguruka mu mashini nyinshi zagaburiwe kuzunguruka ntizikora, bivuze ko akenshi ziba zifite ibiruhuko ku mpande ziyobora kandi zikurikira (bisa n'amagorofa atagabanijwe mu kuzunguruka kutagaburiwe). Ibi bice mubisanzwe bikoreshwa. Nyamara, ibigo byinshi bibona ibisakuzo nkigiciro gito cyo kwishyura ibintu byose bifatika bikora neza.
Nyamara, ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe bwifuza kubona byinshi mubikoresho bafite, bityo bagahitamo ibyubatswe muri sisitemu ya roller. Bameze nkibice bine bizunguruka kumurongo wo gufata imirongo, gusa byahindutse hejuru. Ibishushanyo bisanzwe birimo 7-bizunguruka na 12-bizunguruka bikoresha ikomatanya ryo gufata, kugorora no kugoreka. Imashini igorora ntabwo igabanya gusa guta kwa buri ntoki zifite inenge, ahubwo inongera ubworoherane bwa sisitemu, ni ukuvuga sisitemu ntishobora gutanga ibice byazungurutse gusa, ariko kandi ikanashyiraho ibisate.
Tekinike yo kuringaniza ntishobora kubyara ibisubizo bya sisitemu yo kuringaniza ikunze gukoreshwa muri santere ya serivisi, ariko irashobora gutanga ibikoresho biringaniye bihagije kugirango ucibwe na laser cyangwa plasma. Ibi bivuze ko ababikora bashobora gukoresha ibishishwa byombi bihagaritse kandi bikanyerera.
Tekereza ko umukoresha azunguruka agasanduku k'igice cya kanseri ashobora kwakira itegeko ryo kohereza ibyuma bitameze neza kumeza yo gukata plasma. Amaze gupfundura izo manza no kohereza mu majyepfo, yashyizeho sisitemu kugira ngo imashini zigorora zitagaburirwa mu muyaga uhagaze. Ahubwo, leveler igaburira ibintu byoroshye bishobora gukatirwa uburebure, bigakora plaque yo gukata.
Nyuma yo gukata icyiciro, umukoresha yongeye guhindura sisitemu kugirango akomeze kuzunguruka amaboko. Kandi kubera ko izunguruka ibintu bitambitse, ibintu bihinduka (harimo urwego rutandukanye rwa elastique) ntabwo ari ikibazo.
Mu bice byinshi byinganda n’inganda, ababikora barashaka kongera umubare wamagorofa kugirango borohereze ibihimbano hamwe no guterana. Nyamara, iri tegeko ntirikurikizwa mugihe cyo gukora ibigega binini byo kubika hamwe nuburyo bunini busa, cyane cyane ko akazi nkako karimo ingorane zidasanzwe mugukoresha ibikoresho.
Umuzingo wagaburiwe na vertical swath ikoreshwa kurubuga byoroshya gutunganya ibikoresho kandi bigahindura inzira yose yo guhimba tank (reba ishusho 2). Biroroshye cyane gutwara imizingo yicyuma kurubuga rwakazi kuruta kuzunguruka urukurikirane rwimyirondoro nini mumahugurwa. Mubyongeyeho, kuzunguruka kurubuga bivuze ko n'ibigega binini bya diameter bishobora kubyazwa umusaruro hamwe gusa.
Kugira urubuga ruringaniza bitanga byinshi byoroshye kubikorwa byurubuga. Nibihitamo bisanzwe mubihimbano bya tanki, aho imikorere yongeweho ituma abayikora bakoresha ibiceri bigororotse kugirango bahimbe ibigega cyangwa ibigega bya tank, aho bikuraho ubwikorezi hagati yububiko nububiko.
Umuceri. 3. Ibizingo bimwe bihagaritse byinjijwe muri sisitemu yo gukora tank. Jack izamura inzira yabanje kuzunguruka idakoresheje crane.
Bimwe mubikorwa byo kumurongo bihuza ibice bihagaritse muri sisitemu nini, harimo gukata no gusudira byahujwe na jack zidasanzwe, bikuraho ibikenerwa kuri crane kurubuga (reba Ishusho 3).
Ikigega cyose cyubatswe kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, ariko inzira itangira guhera. Dore uko ikora: Umuzingo cyangwa urupapuro bigaburirwa binyuze mumuzingo uhagaritse santimetero nkeya uvuye aho urukuta rwa tank rugomba kuba. Urukuta noneho rugaburirwa mu buyobozi butwara urupapuro uko ruzenguruka umuzenguruko wose w'ikigega. Umuzingo uhagaritse urahagarikwa, impera zaciwe, zatewe icyuma kandi icyerekezo kimwe gihagaritse. Noneho ibice byurubavu birasudwa mugikonoshwa. Ibikurikira, jack yazamuye igishishwa hejuru. Subiramo inzira ya cake ikurikira hepfo.
Gusudira kuzengurutse byakozwe hagati y'ibice bibiri byazungurutse, hanyuma igisenge cy'ikigega gihimbirwa ku kibanza - nubwo imiterere yagumye hafi yubutaka, ibishishwa bibiri byo hejuru ni byo byahimbwe. Igisenge kimaze kuzura, jack izamura imiterere yose mugutegura igikurikira gikurikira, kandi inzira irakomeza - byose bidafite crane.
Iyo ibikorwa bigeze kurwego rwo hasi, ibisate biza gukina. Bamwe mubakora ibigega byo mumashanyarazi bakoresha amasahani afite uburebure bwa 3/8 kugeza kuri 1, kandi rimwe na rimwe biremereye. Birumvikana ko impapuro zitatanzwe mumuzingo kandi zigarukira muburebure, bityo ibice byo hepfo bizaba bifite vertical weld nyinshi ihuza ibice byurupapuro. Ibyo ari byo byose, ukoresheje imashini zihagaritse kurubuga, ibisate birashobora gupakururwa rimwe hanyuma bikazunguruka kurubuga kugirango bikoreshwe mu kubaka tank.
Sisitemu yo kubaka tank ni urugero rwibikorwa byo gutunganya ibikoresho byagezweho (byibuze igice) mukuzunguruka. Birumvikana, nkubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, guhagarikwa guhagaritse ntibikwiye kuri buri porogaramu. Ikoreshwa ryayo riterwa nuburyo bwo gutunganya ikora.
Dufate ko uwabikoze ashyiraho ibiryo bitagabanijwe bihindagurika kuri porogaramu zitandukanye, inyinshi muri zo ni ntoya ya diametre isaba mbere yo kunama (kugoreka impande ziyobora kandi zikurikira inyuma yakazi kugirango ugabanye ubuso butagaragara). Iyi mirimo irashoboka muburyo bwo kuzunguruka, ariko mbere yo kunama mu cyerekezo gihagaritse biragoye cyane. Mu bihe byinshi, guhindagurika guhagaritse kwinshi, bisaba mbere yo kunama, ntibikora.
Usibye ibibazo byo gutunganya ibintu, ababikora bahujije guhagarikwa guhagaritse kugirango birinde uburemere (na none, kugirango birinde guhinduranya ibishishwa binini bidashyigikiwe). Ariko, niba igikorwa kirimo gusa kuzunguza urupapuro rukomeye kugirango rugumane imiterere mugihe cyose cyo kuzunguruka, ntampamvu yo kuzunguruka urwo rupapuro.
Na none, imirimo idasanzwe (ovals nubundi buryo budasanzwe) isanzwe ikorwa neza kuri horizontal swaths, hamwe ninkunga yo hejuru niba ubishaka. Muri ibi bihe, inkunga ntizirinda gusa kugabanuka bitewe nuburemere, ziyobora igihangano mugihe cyizunguruka kandi gifasha kugumana imiterere idasanzwe yakazi. Ingorabahizi zo gukoresha imirimo ihagaritse irashobora guhakana inyungu zose zo guhindagurika.
Igitekerezo kimwe kirakoreshwa no kuzunguruka. Kuzunguruka kwizirika ku guterana hagati yizunguruka no gutandukanya igitutu kuva kuruhande rumwe kugeza kurundi. Kuzenguruka cone mu buryo buhagaritse kandi uburemere bizongera ibintu bigoye. Hashobora kubaho ibitandukanijwe, ariko kubintu byose, intego, umuzenguruko uhagaritse ntabwo ari byiza.
Imikoreshereze yimashini itatu izenguruka hamwe na geometrie isobanurwa mumwanya uhagaze nabyo mubisanzwe ntibisanzwe. Muri izo mashini, imizingo ibiri yo hepfo yimuka kuruhande rumwe, mugihe umuzingo wo hejuru ushobora guhinduka hejuru no hepfo. Ihinduka ryemerera imashini kugoreka geometrike igoye hamwe no kuzunguruka ibintu bitandukanye. Mubihe byinshi, izi nyungu ntabwo zongerwa no guhindagurika.
Iyo uhisemo impapuro, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwitondewe kandi bunoze kandi uzirikana imikoreshereze yimashini igenewe. Vertical swaths ifite imikorere mike ugereranije na gakondo ya horizontal, ariko itanga inyungu zingenzi mugihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa neza.
Imashini zizunguruka zisa neza muri rusange zifite igishushanyo mbonera, imikorere nuburyo bwo gushushanya kuruta imashini zizunguruka. Mubyongeyeho, imizingo iba nini cyane kubisabwa, bivanaho gukenera gushyiramo ikamba (n'ingaruka ya barrale cyangwa isaha yo kumasaha iboneka mugikorwa cyakazi mugihe ikamba ridahinduwe neza kugirango akazi gakorwe). Iyo ikoreshejwe ifatanije na uninders, bakora ibintu bito kubigega byose byamahugurwa, mubisanzwe bigera kuri 21'6 ″. Igice cyo hejuru cya diameter nini cyane umurima washyizweho gishobora kuba gifite vertical imwe gusa aho kuba amasahani atatu cyangwa menshi.
Na none kandi, inyungu nini yo kuzunguruka ihagaritse ni mugihe aho ikigega cyangwa ubwato bigomba kubakwa neza bitewe ningaruka za rukuruzi ku bikoresho byoroheje (kugeza 1/4 ″ cyangwa 5/16 ″ urugero). Umusaruro utambitse bizakenera gukoresha impeta zishimangira cyangwa impeta zihamye kugirango ukosore uruziga rw'ibice byazungurutse.
Inyungu nyayo yibizunguruka ihagaze muburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu. Gukoresha manipulation nkeya ukeneye gukora hamwe numubiri, ntibishoboka ko byangirika kandi bigakorwa. Tekereza cyane ku bigega byuma bidafite ingese mu nganda zimiti, zikora cyane kurusha mbere. Gukemura neza birashobora gukurura ibibazo byo kwisiga cyangwa bibi, kwangirika kurwego rwa passivation no kwanduza ibicuruzwa. Imizingo ihanamye ikora ijyanye no gukata, gusudira no kurangiza kugirango bigabanye amahirwe yo gukoreshwa no kwanduza. Iyo ibi bibaye, ababikora barashobora kubyungukiramo.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-07-2023