Imirasire y'izuba yazamuye umurongo wa LVDC

Uyu munsi, bamwe mu Burayi bahangayikishijwe n'izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu, kandi nubwo ubwoba bwose bujyanye nibi bwashira ijoro ryose, rwose tuzabona izamuka ry’ibiciro. Nka hackers, urashobora kureba neza ibikoresho bishiramo ingufu murugo rwawe ndetse ukanabifataho ingamba. Noneho, [Peter] yashyize imirasire y'izuba hejuru yinzu ye, ariko ntiyabasha kumenya uburyo bwo kubihuza byemewe numuyoboro rusange, cyangwa byibuze kumurongo wa 220V mumazu ye. Nibyo, igisubizo cyiza nukubaka umuyoboro utandukanye wa LVDC hanyuma ugashyiramo ibikoresho byinshi!
Yahisemo 48V kuko ni ndende ihagije, ikora neza, yoroshye kubona ibintu nka DC-DC, umutekano iyo bigeze mubibazo byamategeko, kandi mubisanzwe bihuza nimirasire y'izuba. Kuva icyo gihe, yabitse ibikoresho nka mudasobwa zigendanwa, amashanyarazi, n'amatara kuri gari ya moshi ya DC aho kuyacomeka mu buryo butaziguye, kandi ibikorwa remezo byo mu rugo rwe (harimo na rack yuzuye imbaho ​​za Raspberry Pi) biranyuzwe rwose gukora 24/7. gari ya moshi 48V. Hariho amashanyarazi asubizwa mumashanyarazi asanzwe ya AC mugihe ikirere cyijimye, kandi mugihe habaye umuriro w'amashanyarazi, bateri ebyiri nini za LiFePO4 zizatanga ibikoresho byose byahujwe kuri 48V muminsi ibiri nigice.
Igikoresho cyakoze kandi gitwara 115 kWh mumezi abiri yambere - umusanzu munini mumushinga wubwigenge bwingufu za hackers, kandi inyandiko ya blog ifite ibisobanuro bihagije kubyo ukeneye byose. Uyu mushinga uributsa ko imishinga ya voltage ya DC ari amahitamo meza kurwego rwaho - twabonye imishinga yicyitegererezo igaragara kuri Hackcamp, ariko urashobora kandi kubaka DC UPS nto niba ubishaka. Ahari vuba aha tuzabona aho dusohokera.
Sitasiyo fatizo ya selile ikoresha 48V. Nkeneye gushiraho ikintu gisa nkumushinga wo kureba abaturanyi.
Natekerezaga gukoresha seriveri zimwe za HP DL360 murugo zifite imirasire y'izuba na bateri zidafite amashanyarazi ya 48VDC zahuza izi seriveri kandi nkirinda imikorere idahwitse ya DC-to-AC, ariko rero nabonye igiciro cy'ibi bikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi kuri 48 VDC. MANA. Garuka ku ishoramari kugeza 2050!
48V yabaye voltage ya bisi muri sisitemu yitumanaho kuva mugihe cya Strowger (hamwe na bateri nini) hanyuma ikajyanwa mubikoresho bya fibre optique.
Nibyo, inganda zose zitumanaho zikora kuri 48VDC. Kuva kera bigereranya bihinduranya bigezweho bya selile. IT data center isanzwe ikoreshwa nimbaraga za AC.
BYIZA Bummer yonyine hamwe niyi mikorere (tuvuge ko ikindi gice cyemewe kandi ikabikwa ahantu hizewe kure yinyamanswa n’abana) ni uko iyo ingufu zaho zimaze kuzura, ingufu zirenze ubusa iyo uri hafi ya gride. guhuza bigenda, birashoboka rwose ko biteye isoni kuba izo mbaraga zikoreshwa kubihendutse. Ntabwo ndabashinja iki kibazo, bakoze akazi ubwabo kandi ntibashobora kubona inzira yemewe / umutekano / ihendutse hafi yiyi nzitizi yanyuma… bureaux birashoboka ko bameze neza kurusha abanyamategeko nabanyapolitiki. nubwo akenshi basa nkabandi mubuzima, birashoboka ko bose ari ibintu bitandukanye byubuzima bumwe…
Navuga ko koroshya ubuzima kubantu badafite tekinoloji hamwe na DC birashoboka ko uzabana cyangwa ugashyigikira inzira nziza iboneka uyumunsi ishobora kuba ifite ingufu za USB… nubwo nanga kuko gutanga amashanyarazi kuri USB ni akajagari, kubyumva neza bisa nkikibazo kinini, kandi ntabwo bishoboka gukora neza nka gari ya moshi 48V. Birahari hose kuburyo byumvikana kubantu badafite tekinike - kuko birashoboka kandi birakora (niba byashyizweho neza). Kuraho icyifuzo cyo gushakisha DC-DC ibereye kuri buri kintu cyangwa kugenzura neza ingufu za "power power" igihe cyose ucometse mugikoresho gishya - Ibi ndabikora kumeza yanjye ariko ntarakaranga ikintu…
Ariko nka off off ya bateri yamashanyarazi hamwe nizuba ryikurikiranwa ryizuba, birashoboka ndetse nka inverter ya pack ya AC ugomba kuba ufite, kandi niba ushaka kwirinda kwiyubakira amashanyarazi yawe arakaye cyane, urashobora gukoresha ikintu cya USB power kuganira . Ntabwo bigoye cyane gushiraho. Na none, birarenze bihagije kuri ba hackers muri twe gushiraho imirasire yizuba (cyane cyane kumirasire ikurikirana izuba), gutanga monitor ikurikirana, kumenyesha bateri nkeya, no gutunganya neza insinga mumwanya umwe wingenzi kubikorwa byuburiganya. Gito…
Igisubizo cyiza cyingufu zirenze ni uguta imitwaro nkibigize amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi. Iyo bateri imaze kwishyurwa byuzuye, irashobora guhinduka kugirango ikoreshe ingufu zizuba ziboneka kugirango ushushe amazi.
Nubwo icyuma gishyushya amazi nacyo gishobora "kuzura" (gishyushye bihagije) mugihe, keretse niba ari kinini cyane.
Ibyiza byingufu zizuba nuko utagomba gukusanya ingufu zizuba. Urashobora gushira neza panne munsi yizuba ryizuba udakoresheje imbaraga zishoboka.
Birumvikana, ibi ni uguta imyanda, kandi niba ari inyungu zawe, kugaburira imbaraga kuri gride niyo guhitamo kwambere.
Nkuko CityZen ibivuga, izuzura mugihe, nubundi buryo bwo kubika ingufu. Tutibagiwe, niba usanzwe utuye ahantu hashyushye, konderasi yawe izakora cyane niba uyifite, kandi niba atariyo, ubuzima bwawe buzaba butagushimishije kurenza uko byakagombye, kuko ikigega cyiziritse gusa… Amazi rwose ububiko bwiza cyane, ariko ingo nyinshi ntizikeneye rwose ayo mazi ashyushye, kandi nini nini yashizwemo bivuze ko mugihe udafite ingufu zubusa, uba ugifite amazi menshi yo gukoresha neza. hejuru yo gushyushya bitewe nubuso bunini butera.
Mubyukuri nta "offload" nziza kurwego rwumuntu ku giti cye, umuyoboro munini ufite ibihingwa binini birashobora gukora byoroshye guhinduranya bike kandi byongera umusaruro birenze ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ingufu "z'ubuntu". Ariko kugiti cyanjye, ni urwitwazo rwo gukina cyane kandi urutare 24/7, gukoresha ingufu utitonze mugihe bimara cyangwa kugeza umuturanyi akwishe.
Nyamara, mugihe cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe, gukonjesha gukurura birashobora gufasha gukoresha ubushyuhe burenze amazu akonje.
Urashobora kandi gukoresha icyumba gito cyumuyaga hamwe na inverter niba ufite imbaraga nyinshi zirenze zo kuzimya kandi birashyushye. Ahari inverter iri hanze… Byaba byiza cyane kureba niba ushobora gukora pompe yubushyuhe ikoresha umwuka wo hanze nkisoko yubushyuhe / radiator. Nukuri, mubyukuri ntibikora, ariko niba ikibazo cyawe ari imbaraga nyinshi, kudakora neza bizafasha.
@smellsofbikes Kuberako rimwe na rimwe ufite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ushobora kubaka ikintu kidakora neza ntabwo bivuze ko ugomba. Bigenda bite iyo ufite imbaraga nke muri kano kanya ariko ukaba ugomba kunyura mubikorwa bidakorwa neza? Nkurugero rwanjye runini rwamazi hejuru, ugomba kubona impirimbanyi zifatika kugirango mugihe ufite imbaraga nke kandi mugihe ufite imbaraga zihagije zo gukora igitaramo kiremereye, ibintu byingenzi / byingirakamaro bishobora kurangira…. ..
Mugihe udashobora gutanga amafaranga cyangwa kuki utatanga kubuntu **? Noneho ibirenze byose ushobora gukora nubushobozi gusa udakoresha, kandi ntabwo imperuka yisi, gusa biteye isoni.
** Dufate ko ibi bitagusaba gukora ikiguzi icyo aricyo cyose - nikibazo gikomeye hano, "amafaranga aringaniye" kumurongo uhuza ni ngombwa, kuburyo nubwo udakoresha byinshi mubihuza byawe birashoboka ko bizatwara byinshi. kuruta uko bakoherereza. Bakwishura ibirenze - ntabwo arwanya gutanga ibirenze, bikora kubantu bamwe mururu rusobe runini kandi sinkeneye. Ariko kwishyura isosiyete cyane kubwamahirwe yo gushaka amafaranga menshi kubandi bantu…
Mugihe ibikoresho bya USB bikoreshwa cyane, natekereje kubintu bisa na 5V. Ndetse nibyiza byaba ibyambu byinshi 5V USB C nibyambu byinshi AC. Kuva aho, urashobora gukoresha 5V kubikoresho byamashanyarazi make na USB C kubikoresho bikomeye. Ikibi nuko USB C ibyambu bigomba gukora voltage kuri buri cyambu mugihe USB A 5v ni gari ya moshi.
Nibura byibuze, nzi neza ko nzarangiza nkubaka biro ifite 5V USB ikoresha amashanyarazi. Birashoboka ko nanjye nzakora 12V, nkumushinga wanjye wa elegitoronike usaba ibirenze 5V hafi ya byose bisaba 12V. .
Mbabajwe no kukubwira ko 5V (cyangwa na 12V) ari mbi mugukwirakwiza amashanyarazi: metero imwe cyangwa ebyiri gusa yo gukurura umugozi ufite igihombo cya 10% cyangwa irenga ntabwo ikoreshwa. Imodoka irwana na 12v igihe cyose, ariko kubera ko ari nto barashobora kubyitwaramo, ariko amakamyo nubwato bunini bikoresha 24v, yego rero, 48v nigiciro cyiza: biracyari urwego rwumutekano mugihe cyose utabishaka. . voltage isanzwe, ibikoresho bihagije nubushobozi bwo gutwara uburebure runaka nta gihombo kinini.
Igihombo cyo guhindura ingufu ningirakamaro kuruta gutakaza insinga. Kurugero, kubijyanye niyi ngingo, ukeka ko buri DC-to-DC ihinduka 90% ikora neza, turangiza gutakaza 27% byingufu tubona mumashanyarazi ya 5V USB. Niba uhindura ari mubi gato, kuri 85%, noneho igihombo kizagera 39%. Kwishyuza abagenzuzi hamwe nabahindura mubikorwa mubisanzwe bagera kuri 80% neza, ntibisanzwe rero gutakaza hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyingufu gusa kugirango bagenzure voltage. Niba sisitemu isabwa ari mike, gutakaza ibikoresho bidafite akamaro birashobora gukoresha imbaraga zose.
Keretse niba ukoresha insinga zibyibushye, gutakaza insinga birashobora kuba hejuru kuri 5V, kandi birashoboka ko uzakoresha byinshi kuri izo nsinga kuruta uko wakoresha kugirango 24V ihindurwe neza.
Niba ufite ibyambu bibiri bya 5W USB, ukeneye amashanyarazi 120W. Niba amashanyarazi yari afite umutwaro uhoraho wa 10W, "imikorere" nominal kumutwaro wagenwe yaba 92%, ariko mugihe ikigereranyo cyo gukoresha icyambu cya USB kingana na 5%, muri rusange imikorere ya sisitemu nyayo ni 60%. .
Ikintu cyose kiri munsi ya byibuze ya 36V ntigomba gukoreshwa intera ndende. Cyane cyane ntabwo 5v. Amashanyarazi adahinduka cyane, umuringa uhenze kandi uremereye. Batteri nayo irazimvye kandi gutakaza ingufu nikibazo.
Ku giti cyanjye, ntabwo nakora ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa microgrid ya LVDC (nakundaga kuyikinisha kandi nkabyanga cyane nakoze amashusho yose kubyerekeye).
Buri gihe ndavuga nti shyira bateri aho umutwaro ukoreshe umugozi mugari niba ukeneye imbaraga. Ibidasanzwe ni PoE, ni ubuntu kubuntu kuri Ethernet kandi ushobora kuyikenera kubindi bikorwa.
USB-C kumishinga yawe yose, ikoreshwa na bateri zo hanze hamwe na adaptate yurukuta nkuko bikenewe. Menya neza ko USB-PD trigger modules ibaho, urashobora kubona 9, 15 cyangwa 20 niba ubishaka (12V irashaje kandi birashoboka ko itazakorana na adaptate nshya IIRC)
Niba ushaka gukoresha ingufu z'izuba, 12V nibyiza kubiruka bito bigera kuri 100W kubirenge bike, kandi nabyo birasanzwe kurenza 5V na 48V nibindi, genda kubyo. Cyangwa kugura gusa amashanyarazi ya LifePO4 yubucuruzi, biratangaje.
Buri wese wifuza gukora-wowe ubwawe ahora yifuza gukora ikintu na bisi ya DC, ariko mubisanzwe nibintu bibi kuko ibikoresho byabaguzi ntabwo byabigenewe kandi ukabura "imirimo ikora" ya wart ya USB irangirira hose. ikibanza. Ninsinga nini hamwe nitsinda ryinshi ridahuza rihuza isi yose kandi ni ikibazo gusa kuri sisitemu ya DIY.
Gushyira mubikorwa byiza nabonye ni ARES isanzwe kuri radio radio, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo… nibyiza gusa kwiruka bigufi.
Kububasha bwa 5V mubiro, nkoresha gusa urukuta rufite urukuta rwubatswe na port ya USB.
Kuri 12V ya router nibindi bintu bisobanutse, nagura gusa transformateur nini ya 12V 5A na kabili ya 2.1mm Y (reba neza ko ubona ikinyabupfura) cyangwa gutegereza kugeza igihe module ya trigger iboneka PPS kuri 12V, fata 12V. USB kuva mubikoresho bishya - icyambu C.
Cyangwa icyiza kurushaho, kura imbaraga zitari USB igihe cyose bishoboka. Gukoresha bike kuri upgrade kugirango ubone USB-PDs zose bizakemura ikibazo cyose mugihe ukeneye router nshya cyangwa router iyo ari yo yose yohejuru ishobora kuba ifite USB.
Niba koko nashakaga gusohoka 12V, natekereza gushyira Transformer ya Mean Well wired transformateur mumasanduku ya serivise kuruhande rwisohoka aho gukoresha 12V. Nta ngingo imwe yo gutsindwa, gutakaza ingufu mumashanyarazi cyangwa yoroheje, byoroshye kandi bigaragara.
120V DC nibyiza guha ingufu "AC" nyinshi, ariko iyo niyo mipaka yo hasi yibyo bishimiye. Bahitamo 160VDC cyangwa irenga.
Oya, mubunararibonye bwanjye bagabanije hafi 65Vdc, ariko ugomba no guta munsi ya 130Vdc, ntabwo napimye, ariko ndakeka ko kugabanuka kumurongo 100-0% kuva 130-65Vdc.
Igitekerezo kidasanzwe. Ndibwira ko iyinjizwamo ryumuzingi ririmo gukora ibintu bigezweho. Ibi bivuze ko iyo voltage igeze kuri 130V kugeza kuri 65V, igipimo cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 50%, naho munsi ya 65V, izindi nzitizi zimwe na zimwe zifunga inzitizi.
Ibice byinshi bifite bateri itanga imbaraga z'umutekano kandi ikemerera ibyuma byumuzunguruko gukora (gufungura no kwishyuza) mugihe habaye umuriro. Umuvuduko usanzwe ni 115 VDC. Ikoresha 100% kuri bateri kandi ifite charger ya AC-> DC kugirango barebe ko bateri ihora yuzuye, kuburyo nta zuba rihari muriki kibazo.
Nkurikije igitabo cya Motzenbocker "Kugarura imbaraga" https://yugeshima.com/diygrid/ 120vdc gusa
Ikibazo cyo gukwirakwiza ingufu za DC cyakemuwe hifashishijwe 802.3af (bita PoE) - Imbaraga kuri Ethernet. Ntabwo rwose bikenewe gukoresha Ethernet igice cyo kugereranya. Adaptateur zose, gukwirakwiza ingufu hamwe nibikoresho byiza byo gutanga raporo / kuyobora. Ntanubwo bihenze - urashobora kubona 100Mbps 48-port ya data center urwego rwihuriro nka £ 30.
Hotel ya Marcel muri New Haven ifite ibyumba 164, byose bikoreshwa nizuba hamwe ninsinga za DC. Dore incamake nziza: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4aTcU6Fzoc.
Nari ngiye kubivuga, bakoresha POE. Igihombo cyatewe nigikorwa kigomba kuba munsi yigihombo mugihe uhinduye DC ukajya muri AC hanyuma ugasubira muri DC. Iraguha kandi isesengura ryuzuye kubyo ukoresha.
Rimwe na rimwe nibagirwa ko ntuye kumurongo. Mfite inverter ya 48VDC kugeza 220VAC muri setup yanjye ishyira hanze nka 5kW ubudahwema, nubwo itigeze iremererwa cyane. Pompe y'amazi ya volt 220, firigo, firigo, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, amatara, ibi byose nibisanzwe mubishanga. Mfite 12V na 24V DC zitandukanye na / cyangwa ubundi bwoko bwimbaraga zamashanyarazi. Kora ubucuruzi bwibyuma mubikoresho bimwe hanyuma uvoma amazi yo kunywa kumafarasi manini. Batteri ziva muri sisitemu nini ya UPS mbona iyo mpinduye bateri kuri gahunda. Kora ikizamini cya voltage kuri bateri, hitamo ibyiza, hanyuma ushyiremo ubushyuhe bwo guhangana, ongera ukurikirane voltage, hitamo ibyiza hanyuma ubigure.
Nibyo, ibikoresho byinshi bifite "rusange" AC yinjiza irashobora gukora kuri DC power. Kugwiza AC yinjiza voltage kuri 1.4 kugirango ubone voltage ihwanye na DC. Ariko, fusse yimbere ntabwo DC yagenwe. Basimbuze na DC fuse cyangwa ukoreshe fuse yo hanze. Ntutwike inzu!
> "Ibi bivuze ko ingufu z'umuriro ntarengwa zingana na 0.80 V. Mugihe habaye umuriro (twizere ko utazigera), ibi ntabwo byateza akaga gakomeye brigade."
Igipimo cya ELV gifata 120 VDC “umutekano” nta guhungabana, ariko Ubuziranenge rusange bw’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bugarukira kuri 75 VDC, mu gihe Amabwiriza y’umuvuduko muke akoreshwa kuri voltage iyo ari yo yose iri hagati ya 75-1000 VDC. Urashobora gukomeza kwica amategeko kandi ukeneye uruhushya rwo gushiraho sisitemu nkiyi, ariko biragoye kubona igisubizo cyumvikana cyangwa inyandiko zose zerekana neza icyo ushobora gukora nkumwubatsi wenyine udafite amahugurwa yihariye.