Mugihe umusaruro wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ukomeje kwiyongera, niko gukenera gukenera ibyuma byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa muri moteri yamashanyarazi.
Abatanga moteri yinganda nubucuruzi bahura ningorabahizi. Amateka, abatanga isoko nka ABB, WEG, Siemens na Nidec batanze byoroshye ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugukora moteri zabo. Birumvikana ko hariho ibibazo byinshi bitangwa mubuzima bwisoko, ariko gake cyane ibi bitera imbere mubibazo byigihe kirekire. Ariko, dutangiye kubona ihungabana ryibintu bishobora guhungabanya ubushobozi bwumusaruro wabatanga imodoka mumyaka iri imbere. Ibyuma byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane mugukora moteri yamashanyarazi. Ibi bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mugushinga amashanyarazi yumuriro ukoreshwa mukuzunguruka rotor. Hatariho ibintu bya electromagnetic bifitanye isano niyi ferroalloy, imikorere ya moteri yagabanuka cyane. Mu mateka, moteri zikoreshwa mubucuruzi ninganda zabaye isoko nyamukuru kubakiriya batanga amashanyarazi, bityo abatanga ibinyabiziga ntibagize ikibazo cyo kubona umurongo wambere utanga. Ariko, haje ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, umugabane wabatanga ubucuruzi ninganda zitanga moteri yamashanyarazi wugarijwe ninganda zitwara ibinyabiziga. Mugihe umusaruro wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ukomeje kwiyongera, niko gukenera gukenera ibyuma byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa muri moteri yamashanyarazi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imbaraga zo guhahirana hagati yubucuruzi bwinganda / inganda nabatanga ibyuma biragenda bigabanuka. Mugihe iyi nzira ikomeje, bizagira ingaruka kubushobozi bwabatanga gutanga ibyuma byamashanyarazi bisabwa kugirango bikorwe, biganisha ku gihe kirekire cyo kuyobora ndetse n’ibiciro biri hejuru kubakiriya.
Inzira zibaho nyuma yo gushiraho ibyuma bibisi bigena intego intego zishobora gukoreshwa. Bumwe muri ubwo buryo bwitwa "gukonjesha gukonje" kandi butanga icyo bita "ibyuma bikonje bikonje" - ubwoko bukoreshwa mubyuma byamashanyarazi. Ibyuma bikonje bikonje bigizwe nijanisha rito ugereranije nibisabwa byose kandi inzira irazwi cyane. Kubwibyo, ubwiyongere bwubushobozi bwumusaruro buratinda. Mu myaka 1-2 ishize, twabonye ibiciro byibyuma bikonje bikonje kuzamuka kurwego rwamateka. Banki nkuru yigihugu ikurikirana ibiciro byisi ku byuma bikonje bikonje. Nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ikurikira, igiciro cyiki kintu cyiyongereyeho hejuru ya 400% uhereye ku giciro cyacyo muri Mutarama 2016. Aya makuru yerekana imbaraga z’ibiciro by’ibyuma bikonje bikonje ugereranije n’ibiciro muri Mutarama 2016. Inkomoko: Banki nkuru y’igihugu ya Mutagatifu Louis. Ihungabana ryigihe gito rijyanye na COVID nimwe mumpamvu izamuka ryibiciro byibyuma bikonje. Nyamara, kwiyongera kw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mu nganda z’imodoka byabaye kandi bizakomeza kuba ibintu bigira ingaruka ku biciro. Mu gukora moteri yamashanyarazi, ibyuma byamashanyarazi birashobora kubara 20% byigiciro cyibikoresho. Ntabwo rero bitangaje kuba impuzandengo yo kugurisha moteri yamashanyarazi yiyongereyeho 35-40% ugereranije na Mutarama 2020. Kugeza ubu turimo kubaza abatanga ibinyabiziga n’inganda n’inganda kugirango babone verisiyo nshya y’isoko rya moteri ya AC. Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, twumvise raporo nyinshi zivuga ko abatanga isoko bafite ikibazo cyo gutanga ibyuma byamashanyarazi bitewe nuko bakunda abakiriya bimodoka batanga ibicuruzwa byinshi. Twabanje kubyumva hagati mumwaka wa 2021 kandi umubare wabyo uvugana mubazwa abatanga isoko uragenda wiyongera.
Umubare wibinyabiziga ukoresha moteri yamashanyarazi mugukwirakwiza biracyari bike ugereranije nibinyabiziga bikoresha moteri isanzwe yo gutwika. Ariko, ibyifuzo byabashoramari bakomeye byerekana ko impirimbanyi izahinduka vuba mumyaka icumi iri imbere. Ikibazo rero, ni bangahe basabwa mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga kandi ni ikihe gihe cyagenwe? Kugira ngo dusubize igice cya mbere cyikibazo, reka dufate urugero rwabakora ibinyabiziga bitatu binini ku isi: Toyota, Volkswagen, na Honda. Hamwe hamwe bagize 20-25% yisoko ryimodoka kwisi yose mubijyanye no kohereza. Izi nganda uko ari eshatu zonyine zizatanga imodoka miliyoni 21.2 muri 2021. Ibi bivuze ko imodoka zigera kuri miliyoni 85 zizakorwa muri 2021. Kubworoshye, reka tuvuge ko ikigereranyo kiri hagati yumubare wa moteri ukoresha ibyuma byamashanyarazi no kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ari 1: 1. Niba 23.5% gusa byimodoka zigera kuri miriyoni 85 zakozwe ari amashanyarazi, umubare wa moteri ukenewe kugirango ushyigikire uwo mubare uzarenga miliyoni 19.2 za moteri y’amashanyarazi ya AC yagurishijwe mu 2021 kugirango ikoreshwe mu bucuruzi n’inganda.
Inzira igana ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byanze bikunze, ariko kumenya umuvuduko wo kurera birashobora kuba umurimo utoroshye. Ikigaragara ariko ni uko abakora amamodoka nka General Motors biyemeje gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bitarenze 2035 mu 2021, bigatuma isoko ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi mu cyiciro gishya. Muri Analyse Isesengura, dukurikirana umusaruro wa bateri ya lithium-ion ikoreshwa mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi murwego rwo gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko rya batiri. Uru ruhererekane rushobora gukoreshwa nkikimenyetso cyikigereranyo cyumusaruro wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Turerekana iki cyegeranyo hepfo, kimwe nubushakashatsi bwerekanwe mbere bukonje. Gushyira hamwe bifasha kwerekana isano iri hagati yo kongera umusaruro wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nibiciro byibyuma byamashanyarazi. Amakuru yerekana imikorere ugereranije nagaciro ka 2016. Inkomoko: Isesengura ryimikoranire, Banki nkuru yigihugu nkuru ya St. Umurongo wijimye ugereranya itangwa rya batiri ya lithium-ion kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ngiyo indangagaciro kandi agaciro ka 2016 kagaragaza 100%. Umurongo w'ubururu ugereranya ibiciro bikonje bikonje, byongeye kugaragazwa nkigiciro cyerekana, hamwe nibiciro 2016 kuri 100%. Twerekana kandi itangwa rya batiri ya EV igaragazwa nuduce duto duto duto. Uzahita ubona ubwiyongere bukabije bwoherejwe na batiri hagati ya 2021 na 2022, hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa byikubye inshuro 10 ugereranije no muri 2016. Usibye ibi, urashobora kandi kubona izamuka ryibiciro byibyuma bikonje bikonje mugihe kimwe. Ibyo dutegereje kumuvuduko wibikorwa bya EV byerekanwe kumurongo utudomo. Turateganya ko icyuho-gikenerwa n’icyuma cy’amashanyarazi kizaguka mu myaka itanu iri imbere kuko ubwiyongere bw’ubushobozi bukiri inyuma yo kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa bikenerwa mu nganda za EV. Ubwanyuma, ibi bizatera ikibazo cyo kubura ibicuruzwa, bizigaragaza mugihe kirekire cyo gutanga no kugiciro cyimodoka.
Igisubizo cyiki kibazo kiri mumaboko yabatanga ibyuma. Ubwanyuma, ibyuma byinshi byamashanyarazi bigomba kubyazwa umusaruro kugirango icyuho kiri hagati yo gutanga nibisabwa. Turateganya ko ibi bibaho, nubwo buhoro buhoro. Mugihe inganda zibyuma zihanganye nibi, turateganya ko abatanga ibinyabiziga byinjijwe neza murwego rwo gutanga (cyane cyane ibikoresho byibyuma) kugirango batangire kongera umugabane wabo mugihe gito cyo gutanga no kugiciro gito. bikenewe mu musaruro wabo. Abatanga moteri bareba ibi nkicyerekezo kizaza mumyaka. Noneho turashobora kuvuga twizeye ko iyi nzira yatangiye kumugaragaro.
Blake Griffin ni inzobere muri sisitemu zo gukoresha, gukoresha inganda no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu muhanda. Kuva yinjira muri Interact Analysis mu 2017, yanditse raporo zimbitse kuri moteri ya AC ifite ingufu nkeya, kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse n’isoko rya hydraulics mobile.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-08-2022