Umujyi wizinga wuzuye amafaranga na ego nta kundi byagenda uretse kuzamuka. no hejuru. no hejuru. Tekereza ikirere cya Manhattan kigenda gahoro, guhera ahagana mu 1890 - igihe umunara w’amahoro wa New York wazengurukaga hejuru ya metero 284 z’itorero ry’Ubutatu - bikarangira uno munsi: ni urukurikirane rwibintu byagezweho mu ijuru, buri duel nshya yishimye ifata iyanyuma.
Birashoboka ko ibyinshi muri aya mateka byatewe n'amarushanwa akaze - nk'urugero, urugamba rukomeye rwo guharanira inyubako ndende ku isi hagati y'inyubako ya Chrysler n'inyubako ya banki ya Manhattan (40 Wall Street), Chrysler yatsinze ku majwi atangaje. . margin Beat kurugamba: Spire yubatswe rwihishwa yongewe kumunota wanyuma, bituma uburebure bwa New York bugera kuri metero 1.046 mumezi 11 yagaciro mbere yuko inyubako ya leta yubwami igera hejuru. Ariko amateka yubwubatsi bwumujyi ntashobora kugabanuka kubakanishi b'imikino. Ibindi bintu biraba. Manhattan yubatswe kubera ko idashobora gukura kandi ntishobora kwicara. Abo baturage bashoboye gukora ibi bazaharanira kuzamuka umusozi.
Ubu tubayeho mubihe bitandukanye byo kuzamuka. Muri uyu mujyi hari inyubako 21 zifite uburebure bwa metero zirenga 800, zirindwi muri zo zubatswe mu myaka 15 ishize (kandi eshatu muri zo zubatswe mu mezi 36 ashize). Muri iyi New York idasanzwe, turasesengura ikirwa cyo hejuru cyane cyubatswe hejuru ya megastructures 21. Ubuso bwacyo bungana na metero kare miliyoni 34 kandi burimo ahantu heza ho gutura, ahantu heza ho gukorera (mugihe na nyuma yubwubatsi), ahantu hahanamye. Mubigaragara, uburambe bwubu burebure bushya butandukanye nubunararibonye bwabanjirije aho imyambi yazamutse igera kuri metero 400, 500, cyangwa 600. Ku butumburuke bwa metero 800 no hejuru, hari ikintu kidasanzwe mumujyi ufite umuhanda unyura munzira nyabagendwa n'imihanda yuzuye abantu bategereza, bagenda buhoro kandi bihuta - ubwoko bwumwiherero wa alpine. Buri New Yorker izi icyo kwihererana gushobora kuboneka mubantu batamenyekanye kumuhanda. Ni ikindi kintu: imyumvire ikaze yo kwigunga iterwa no kugera kubitekerezo bidasa nijisho ryumuntu.
Imyaka icumi uhereye none, ibitekerezo byatanzwe mumapaji akurikira birasa nkaho bidashoboka ndetse bituzuye. Ariko uyumunsi batanga ibisobanuro bidasanzwe byumujyi udasanzwe udasanzwe mumujyi. Jack Silverstein ♦
Alicia Mattson, ukora kuri World Trade Center 1, agereranya uburambe kuri metero zirenga 800 n '“kuba mu rubura runini rwa shelegi. Ibintu byose biratuje. ” Feri ku ruzi Mwana. Ati: “Wibanda ku bintu nko kugenda mu bwato.” “Ntiwumva ko uri mu mujyi.” Kuri ubu burebure, urusaku rwubuzima bwumujyi rurazimira hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye. Icyerekezo nticyumvikana. Imodoka nabanyamaguru kumuhanda bisa nkaho bigenda.
Ati: "Wakwicuza rwose niba imwe muri utudomo yaretse kugenda iteka?" abaza Harry Lime ku ruziga rwa Ferris muri Umugabo wa Gatatu.
Ibiro bya Jimmy Park nabyo biri mu igorofa rya 85, kandi mu gihe cye cy’ikiruhuko akunda kuzamuka imisozi, mu yandi magambo, ati: "Urareba hasi ibitariho ukumva ufite inzira ndende." genda uva aho ukeneye niba ukeneye umutekano. Kubona kure nabyo ni bimwe muburyo bwo kuvura. Bibera mu ndege, ku misozi, ku mucanga. Nzahura numukiriya mushya kandi tuzareba hanze mumadirishya kandi tunezererwe guceceka.
Yakomeje agira ati: “Birasa,“ ku ngaruka zo kureba ”abahanga mu byogajuru bumva kandi byateje urujya n'uruza rw'ibidukikije. Uratahura ukuntu uri muto kandi ko isi ari nini. ”
Isezerano rya Kera rivuga ko buri kibaya kigomba kuzamurwa kandi umusozi wose ugomba kumanurwa, ukurikije imyumvire ya kera yo kugereranya no kuringaniza. Mu kinyejana cya 18, ubwoba, ubwoba, n'ibyishimo byahoze bigenewe Imana byari byarahindutse ibintu bya geologiya nk'imisozi n'uburambe bwo gutsinda impinga. Kant yabyise “bihebuje cyane.” Mu kinyejana cya 19, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya n’imijyi, kamere yarwanyaga abantu. Sublime iba igerwaho nukuzamuka hejuru yinyubako ndende.
Muri uwo mwuka, Richard Morris Hunt yateguye inyubako ya Tribune ya New York, yuzuye mu 1875, ifite umunara w’inzogera wa metero 260 wagereranyaga na spire y'Itorero ry’Ubutatu nk'inyubako ndende muri uyu mujyi. Nyuma yigihembwe cyikinyejana, Inyubako ya Flatiron ya Daniel Burnham ifite metero 285 yashyizeho icyerekezo gishya kuburebure kandi bunini, bidatinze irwanya umunara wa MetLife metero 700 uhanganye na Madison Square Park. kuruhande rwinyubako ya Woolworth Cass Gilbert, 1913, 792 ft.
Nyuma yimyaka itageze kuri 20, skyline ya New York yasanze icyerekezo cyayo cya Platonike muri Chrysler no mu nyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami. Inyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami ifite uburebure bwa metero 204, itigeze ihagarara, ni ubucuruzi buhwanye na spine College ya Trinity. Nkuko EB White yabyanditse, igishushanyo mbonera cy'umujyi “ku gihugu icyo intasi z'itorero ryera zerekeza mu cyaro - ibimenyetso bigaragara byo kwifuza no kwizera, amababa yera yerekana inzira igana hejuru.”
Igishushanyo mbonera cya New York cyahindutse igishushanyo cyumujyi, ikarita yerekana ikarita yigihe cyabanyamerika nishusho ya firime ya kera, silhouette yayo yerekana ibibera hepfo. Igitekerezo cyera gishingiye kubuzima bwumuhanda, uburyo iminara ihura na kaburimbo. Imijyi irarikira mu myaka ya vuba aha yubatse inyubako ndende kuruta Umujyi wa New York ariko ntabwo yigeze isimbuza Manhattan rwose, igice kubera ko skyline ari yo nkomoko y’imijyi, niba idakuwe mu duce nyaburanga.
Hafi yikinyejana gishize, muri Manhattan, imiterere yagenwe nubudashyikirwa bwabaturanyi, ntabwo ari uburebure gusa: inzu ya penthouse ya etage ya 20 kuri Park Avenue iracyagaragaza isonga rya piramide. Muri kiriya gihe, mubyukuri uburebure bwa metero 800 bwari inyubako zubucuruzi, ntabwo ari inyubako zo guturamo. Ikirere cyamamaza ibigo. Hamwe n'uburebure nk'ubwo, ibiciro byo kubaka ntibishobora kwishyurwa n'amagorofa yonyine.
Ibi byahindutse gusa mumyaka icumi ishize cyangwa irenga, mugihe amazu yo munzu nziza nka 15 Central Park West yigeze kugura amadorari 3000 cyangwa arenga kuri metero kare. Mu buryo butunguranye, umushinga muremure cyane, unanutse cyane umushinga wa 57 wumuhanda ufite igorofa nini nini kuburyo igorofa cyangwa ebyiri kandi bisaba ko hajyaho lift nkeya kugirango zifate umwanya kuruta inyubako yubucuruzi bizaba ikibazo kubateza imbere. inyungu. Abubatsi b'ibyamamare babigizemo uruhare. Nkuko Carol Willis, umuyobozi washinze inzu ndangamurage ya Skyscraper i Lower Manhattan, akunda kubivuga, ifishi ikurikira imari.
Uburebure bwahise busimbuza abaturanyi nk'ikimenyetso cy'imiterere, igice kubera ko amabwiriza agenga uturere yerekanaga ibicu mu turere tutagabanijwe cyane mu mujyi nko mu muhanda wa 57, nawo watangaga amahirwe yo kubona amafaranga muri Parike Nkuru, igice kubera ko yari agamije muri Aziya y'Epfo. abanyenganda b'umuringa na oligarach yo mu Burusiya bafite ubushake buke bwo kuba mu nzu yabo. Ntibakeneye abaturanyi uko byagenda kose. Bashaka ibitekerezo. Abashinzwe iterambere bamamaza inyubako nkibibanza byigihugu, aho amahirwe yo guhura numuntu utari umukozi winyubako ari ntarengwa, kandi resitora yabo bwite iba irimo-gusa, bityo no kurya hanze ntibisabwa. isohoka.
Benshi mu Banya New York, batanyuzwe n’imisoro yahawe abanyembaraga n’abanyembaraga bo muri ibyo bicu, batekereza ko bakora mu gicucu kirekire kandi kibi cyatewe niminara mishya. Ariko igicucu kuruhande, ntabwo arukuri rwose kubwinyubako ndende cyane. Bamwe ntibashobora gukunda ubunini bwabo, ariko ibyumba bike mubice bidatuwe hafi ya Midtown cyangwa Wall Street ntabwo aribyo bitera kwitonda no kwimurwa. Hashobora kubaho akantu gato k’abanyamahanga muri anti-top phenomenon. Kugira ngo tumenye neza ko, hari abatunzi benshi b'Abashinwa, Abahinde n'Abarabu, kimwe n'abayahudi bababanjirije, bahitamo kureba hasi ku mbaho za koperative yo mu burasirazuba bwa Side iyo bahuye n'inzira idashoboka yo kugenzura.
Ntakibazo, Umuhanda wa 57 ubu uzwi nka Billionaire Street kandi ubutunzi bugeze aharindimuka. Iterambere mu buhanga bwikirere rifite byinshi byo gukora nibi. William F. Baker, wafashije mu gushushanya Burj Khalifa wa Dubai, umunara muremure ku isi ufite metero 2.717, aherutse gusobanura ubwubatsi bw’ubuzima kuri metero zirenga 800. Avuga ko abajeniyeri bamaze igihe kinini bashakisha uburyo bwo kwirinda ibicu bitangirika, bagenda bibanda ku kibazo kitoroshye: gutuma abantu bari imbere bumva bafite umutekano. Iki nigikorwa kitoroshye kuko inyubako ndende cyane kandi yoroheje cyane yagenewe kunama aho kumeneka nkamababa yindege. Abantu basanzwe bahangayikishijwe nibikorwa mumazu maremare mbere yuko ikintu cyose kibangamira umutekano wabo. Gusunika gato ufata nk'ukuri mu modoka cyangwa muri gari ya moshi birashobora gutera ubwoba amagorofa 100 hejuru, nubwo ukiri umutekano mu nyubako kuruta mu modoka.
Muri iki gihe hashyizweho ingufu zidasanzwe zo kugabanya izo ngaruka. Uyu munsi iminara ya ultra-thin ifite ibikoresho biremereye byo guhangana, ibyuma byangiza n'ibindi bikoresho bigenda, hamwe na lift izamura abayirimo mu kirere, ariko ntabwo yihuta cyane kuburyo wumva g-imbaraga zose zibangamira. Umuvuduko wa metero 30 kumasegonda bisa nkumuvuduko mwiza, byerekana ko iminara ihebuje ishobora gusunikwa kugera kumupaka - atari ukubera ko tudashobora gushushanya inyubako zifite uburebure bwa kilometero imwe, ariko kubera ko abakode bakize batazihanganira ko bisaba iminota. ku nyubako Inzitizi zinjira mu modoka zigana mu magorofa aho hishyurwa buri mwaka Repubulika ya Palau.
Ibisabwa bidasanzwe byubwubatsi bivugwa ko bifite uruhare runini rwigiciro cyamazu yuburebure bwa ultra-ndende nka 432 Park Avenue, kuri ubu inyubako ndende ndende muri Midtown Manhattan nimwe mu zihenze cyane. Inyuma yacyo ni inshundura ya beto n'ibirahure, nka Sol LeWitt yakuweho cyangwa vase yagutse ya Josef Hoffmann (cyangwa urutoki rwo hagati rwazamuye, ukurikije uko ubibona). Ibifunga binini binini hafi yinzu, ubunini bwa moteri ya lokomoteri - no kwirata ibintu bitangaje byuburebure bwumujyi - bikora nk'imashini itera ubwoba, itanga ballast kandi ikabuza kanderi kuvuza ibirahuri bya champagne hejuru.
Niba inyubako ya Petronas hamwe n’inyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami yahoze ari umupaka wa Manhattan uherereye mu majyaruguru y’amajyepfo, inkingi za skyline yumujyi, aho kompas zirimo ubu 1 Ubucuruzi bwisi, Parike 432, na One57 bike muburengerazuba. Iyanyuma, hamwe n'imirongo yayo itameze neza hamwe n'amadirishya yahinduwe, yerekeza kuva Manhattan rwagati kugera Las Vegas cyangwa Shanghai. Hafi ya kilometero imwe, inyubako nini yikibaho yitwa Hudson Yards ikangisha kuba mini-Singapore ya West End.
Ariko uburyohe buragoye kubyemeza. Inyubako ya Chrysler imaze kuzura, yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga hanyuma ishimwa nk'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicu, kubera ko iminara y'ibirahure n'ibyuma bya kijyambere byahinduye ikirere nyuma y'intambara kandi bitera uburakari bushya. Dushubije amaso inyuma, dushobora kubona ko ibintu 1950 byaranze inzu ya Lever House ya Gordon Bunshaft kuri SOM hamwe n’inyubako ya Seagram ya Mies van der Rohe byari byiza kandi byiza cyane nkibindi byose muri Amerika, nubwo mu myaka yakurikiyeho byahindutse. yabyaye amamiriyoni yimyubakire yimyidagaduro yigana imyanda ya Manhattan kandi igapfukirana ubuhanga bwumwimerere. Byari ibihe byo kwimuka kwera no gutembera mu nkengero z'umujyi, ubwo Roland Barthes yavugaga ko New York ari umujyi uhagaritse, “abantu badahari,” hamwe n'Abanyamerika bita iminara ya parike, akenshi usanga ari inteko zitemewe. amazu akennye, benshi mu nkengero z'umujyi, baratereranywe. Ikirere kibi cyane muri uyu mujyi kuri 375 Pearl Street, kuva kera kizwi ku izina rya Verizon Tower, ni igisimba kitagira idirishya kigikomeza hejuru y’ikiraro cya Brooklyn. Yubatswe na Minoru Yamasaki mu 1976, nyuma ya Twin Towers, kandi abanya New York barabakundaga cyangwa barabanga - kugeza igihe benshi bababonye ukundi, kandi atari ukubera ibyabaye. 11 Nzeri. Mu museke na nimugoroba, imfuruka z'iminara yubatswe zikurura urumuri rw'izuba, bigatuma amabara ya orange na feza areremba mu kirere. Ubu Ubucuruzi 1 bwisi bwazamutse buva mu ivu. Ibicu bya kijyambere bigezweho bigarutse mumyambarire. Biryoha, nka New York skyline, ikomeza kuba umurimo utarangira.
Mu nyubako nshya, nkunda 432, zakozwe na Rafael Viñoly, hamwe na jumble yize ya 56 Leonard, mumujyi (Herzog & de Meuron ni abubatsi). Mu nyubako nshya, nkunda 432, zakozwe na Rafael Viñoly, hamwe na jumble yize ya 56 Leonard, mumujyi (Herzog & de Meuron ni abubatsi). Из новых зданий мне нравится 432, спро станированных Рафаэлем Виньоли, и тщательноумум мая мешанина из 56 Леонарда в центре города (tutторы Herzog & de Meuron). Mu nyubako nshya, nkunda 432 ya Rafael Vignoli na hodgepodge ya Leonard ya 56 mu mujyi rwagati (abubatsi Herzog & de Meuron). Из новостроек мне нравятся 432, спро сировированные Рафаэлем Виньоли, и 56 Mu nyubako nshya, nkunda 432, zakozwe na Rafael Vignoli, na Leonards 56 mu mujyi rwagati (umwubatsi Herzog & de Meuron).Byaremewe muburyo bwiza bwo gushushanya skyline. Abandi bahagurukiye, nka 53 Uburengerazuba bwa 53 Jean Nouvel, iruhande rwa muzehe yubuhanzi bugezweho, hamwe n’umuhanda wa 111 57, wateguwe na SHoP Architects, basezeranya ko bazafasha gusubiza umunzani ku bitekerezo bya kera. Iminara yiteguye-kugenda-agasanduku kasabye izi nyubako imyaka mirongo.
Bamwe baracyafite ubwoba ko mumujyi hari ingoro nyinshi za magnesi. Barashobora guhumurizwa nuko ibintu birebire cyane byari umukino wintebe zubukungu. Amabwiriza mashya ya federasiyo agamije kurwanya amasosiyete akora ibicuruzwa no kunyereza amafaranga ubu arasaba abagura amafaranga yamazu meza kugirango bamenyekanishe amazina nyayo ya ba nyirayo. Bigaragara ko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyubuguzi bwimitungo itimukanwa muri Manhattan yishyurwa mumafaranga, naho kimwe cya gatatu cyokugura amazu mashya mumujyi rwagati ni abaguzi babanyamahanga. Ufatanije no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya peteroli no guhindagurika kw'ivunjisha, amategeko mashya asa nkaho agira ingaruka. Kugeza ubu, isoko rya condominium ya 800+ ikomeje kugabanuka. Inyubako zimwe zuburebure bwa ultra-ndende ku kibaho cyo gushushanya zirashobora gutinda.
Abayobozi b'ibigo ntibagikeneye inyubako nshya zubaka. Birakwiriye cyane kumyaka igihumbi bakunda inyubako zavuguruwe, ubuzima bwo mumuhanda hamwe nakazi. Umwubatsi Bjarke Ingels aherutse gukora iminara myinshi i New York hamwe n’amaterasi manini azamuka atera urwenya umuhanda mu kirere.
Ingels yagize ati: "Ikigamijwe ni ugukora ahantu hafunze hamwe n'amadirishya hasi kugeza ku gisenge kugirango ube wuzuye." “Umwanya ufunguye wasangaga ufatwa nk'ikibazo kibangamiye agaciro k'inyubako, ariko ndatekereza ko ibyo bihinduka. Ntangiye kumva abantu mubucuruzi bwubukode bavuga ko bakeneye ibibanza bifunguye. Ibi biri mu mutungo utimukanwa ndetse no mu bucuruzi. ” “Noneho. Ntekereza ko ejo hazaza ha metero 800 ari uguhuza n'isi kuruta guhunga. ”
Birashoboka. New York ni umuyaga mwinshi n'imbeho. Nyirasenge yamaze imyaka myinshi akodesha inzu yo muri etage yo hasi muri etage ya 16 yinyubako mumudugudu wa Greenwich, hamwe na patio ireba parike ya Washington Square na Manhattan yo hepfo, nubwo ibyinshi mubitekerezo ari bike. inyubako ndende, ibisenge byumukara hejuru yumuriro ucika. Icyatsi kibisi n'icyatsi kibisi cyera gishobora gufungurwa kugirango habeho igicucu kumaterasi. Kuva kumuhanda haje amajwi namahembe yimodoka. Amazi y'imvura yamenetse hasi ya terracotta. Mu mpeshyi, umuyaga uhuha uturuka mu ruzi. Iyo ndi i New York, numva ari umuntu wishimye cyane muri New York, hejuru no hagati mu mujyi.
Ikibanza cyiza cya buriwese kiratandukanye. Mpagaze kuri Window 1 Ubucuruzi bwisi kuri metero 1000 hamwe na Jimmy Park. Yashimye ibitekerezo bya Brooklyn na Queens. Munsi yacu hepfo ni hejuru yinzu yubucuruzi 7 bwisi, umunara wibiro byibirahure bya metero 743 washyizweho ubuhanga na David Childs, munsi yacu. Turashobora gusa gusobanukirwa ubukanishi. Umusore uhagaze hariya ashobora kuba igitekerezo cya Harry Lime.
Nabajije Parker uko atekereza ko ari muremure. Yakubise agahanga. Yavuze ko atabitekerejeho rwose. ♦
Michael Kimmelman anenga imyubakire ya New York Times. Igitabo aheruka gusohora muri iki kinyamakuru kivuga ibyerekeye ibizenga bya Manhattan n'ubusitani.
Matthew Pillsbury numufotozi. Ibikorwa bye bizerekanwa ahitwa Ben Ruby Gallery i New York muri 2017.
Bimaze kwitwa umudendezo w’ubwisanzure, ni cyo burebure burebure cyane mu gice cy’iburengerazuba bw’isi kandi gifite lift zihuta. Lift yihuta cyane ikora ibirometero 22 mu isaha ikazamuka ikava hasi ikagera muri 100 mumasegonda atarenze 60.
Nyuma yimyaka 13 nyuma ya 9/11, abakozi babarirwa mu magana ba Port Authority nibo bagenzi ba mbere bagarutse kukazi.
Ijuru ryambere ryubatswe "intangiriro yambere" mumujyi wa New York, ahahoze hubatswe beto, hubatswe na lift, ingazi, sisitemu ya mashini na pompe, yubatswe mbere yicyuma cyo hanze. ihuriro ryabakozi bo mumujyi Boycott ya metallurgiste.
Robert AM Stern, umwubatsi w'agakingirizo maremare maremare mu mujyi wa New York yagize ati: “Inyubako nyinshi zidafite imiterere. Ati: "Ntabwo wifuza kujyana na kabiri. Ariko urashobora gutsimbataza inyiyumvo z'urukundo ku nyubakwa yacu. ”
Iyi nyubako ndetse n’inyubako ya Chrysler bavuga ko ari inyubako ndende ku isi, kandi byombi birimo kubakwa. Bimaze kwitwa 40 Street Street, yagumye mu gihe kitarenze ukwezi kugeza igihe hongeweho spire mu nyubako ya Chrysler. Hatarashira n'umwaka barenze ku nyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami.
Isosiyete y'ubwishingizi American International Group yavuye mu nyubako ya Art Deco mu 2009, kuri ubu ikaba ihindura hoteri ya miliyoni 600 z'amadorali ndetse n'inzu ikodeshwa.
Iyo nyubako irangiye, inyubako yahoze yitwa 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza niyo nyubako nini y’ibiro by’ubucuruzi nini muri uyu mujyi mu gihembwe cy’ikinyejana, ikigo kinini cy’amabanki yubatswe rimwe, kandi kikaba ari icya mbere mu mujyi wa New York wakoresheje “1 Kwirukana” inyubako. ,, Plaza ”nka aderesi yubucuruzi.
Yiswe umunara wa Jenga nyuma y’igishushanyo mbonera cy’abubatsi batsindiye igihembo cya Pritzker Jacques Herzog na Pierre de Meuron, amagorofa ya kantile yubatswe hasi yerekeza mu mpande zose uhereye hagati yacyo.
Igihe umwubatsi Frank Gehry yasangiraga na sasita hamwe n’umushinga w’imitungo itimukanwa Bruce Ratner, Ratner yaramubajije ati: "Urashaka kubaka iki i New York?" Gehry yashushanyije igishushanyo mbonera cyububiko.
Spire yinyubako ya Art Deco yateguwe nkikinini cyo hejuru kandi igisenge cyacyo ni ububiko bwa zeppelin, abagenzi bazakoresha amaterasi yo hanze muri etage ya 103 hamwe na gasutamo isobanutse muri etage ya 102. Kuvugurura inyubako byahungabanije gahunda yo kugwa mu kirere.
Iya mbere mu minara 16 mishya yateganijwe kuri Hudson Yards ku giciro cya miliyari 25 z'amadolari. Iyi nyubako ifite uruganda rukora ubushyuhe n’amashanyarazi kandi ihujwe n’ibikorwa by’umujyi na microgrid hamwe n’andi mashanyarazi menshi yegeranye.
Walter Chrysler yanze kwishyura umwubatsi William Van Alen nyuma yuko inyubako ye yatewe inkunga ibaye inyubako ndende ku isi. Van Alen yareze kandi amaherezo abona amafaranga ye, ariko ntabwo yongeye kwakira komisiyo nkuru zishinzwe.
Mu 2005, MetLife yimuye icyumba cyayo cy'inama 1893, harimo igisenge cy'amababi ya zahabu y'umwimerere, igiti gikomeye, umuriro, n'intebe, mu igorofa rya 57.
Ninyubako yambere yubucuruzi ndende igeze ku cyemezo cya LEED Platinum, urwego rwo hejuru rwibidukikije inyubako ishobora kugeraho. Inzuki ziba kuri kimwe mu bisenge byagabanutse.
Igihe yatangwaga kandi ikemezwa mu 1999, uwayitezimbere Donald Trump yise inyubako ndende yo guturamo ku isi, ariko ahura n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi. Uwahoze ari Yankee Derek Jeter yaguze penthouse mu 2001 (ayigurisha muri 2012).
“Inkingi” y'amagorofa icyenda y'inyubako ya Citigroup ituma bishoboka gushyira itorero muri imwe mu mfuruka z'urubuga. Igisenge kiri kuri dogere 45 kandi cyagenewe imirasire y'izuba, itigeze ishyirwaho kuva igisenge kitareba izuba.
Iyi nyubako ikomeje kwitwa Centre ya Rockefeller mu ntangiriro yari igizwe n’inyubako 14 kandi yakoreshaga abakozi ibihumbi icumi mu gihe cy’Ubukungu bukabije, barimo abakozi 11 b’ibyuma bagaragara hano ku igorofa rya 30 ry’urutare (ubu ni kaminuza ya Comcast) ifoto ya saa sita ku giti . ibirenge byabo bimanika metero 850 hejuru yubutaka.
Inyubako yubucuruzi, igice-gituwe ahahoze hahoze Ububiko bw’ishami rya Alexander harimo urugo rwahumetswe nurukuta rwumujyi wa New York nka Sitasiyo Nkuru nkuru hamwe n’isomero rusange ry’isomero rusange rya New York.
Kugeza ubu inyubako ndende cyane yo guturamo ku isi, yatewe inkunga n’amabati y’imyanda kandi yakozwe hafi y’ibyo umwubatsi wayo Rafael Vignoli avuga ko ari “uburyo bwiza bwa geometrie: kare.”
Bitewe no kubara nabi mugihe cyo kubaka, inyubako yarangije metero 11 hejuru yumupaka washyizweho nabashinzwe gutegura umujyi. Icyemezo cyo gusubira inyuma nticyemewe; ahubwo, uwatezimbere yishyuye amadolari miliyoni 2.1, igice cyacyo kikaba cyari kigamije kuvugurura umwanya wimyitozo yimbyino hafi yumujyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2022